Numerical study on the summertime patches of red tide in the adjacent sea of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary, China.

High incident rates of red tide have occurred off the coast of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary in summer, resulting from a magnified population growth discharging substantial nutrient loads into this vicinity. The presence of elevated Chlorophyll-a concentrations (≥36.3 μg/l), low suspended sediment concentrations in surface and mid-layers (<10 mg/l), a strong saline front and surface water temperature gradient, veering surface winds, and a bimodal shape to the Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW) revealed two red tide patches appearing between August 6-13, 2010.

Wave-turbulence interaction-induced vertical mixing and its effects in ocean and climate models.

Heated from above, the oceans are stably stratified. Therefore, the performance of general ocean circulation models and climate studies through coupled atmosphere-ocean models depends critically on vertical mixing of energy and momentum in the water column. Many of the traditional general circulation models are based on total kinetic energy (TKE), in which the roles of waves are averaged out.