Tobacco cessation, anti-tobacco education, and smoke-free schools: Findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey.

Introduction: Adolescents are especially vulnerable to the harmful effects of tobacco use. This study examined changes in tobacco use in schools, the provision of anti-tobacco education, and cessation efforts over time, and the importance of cessation support and education for cessation efforts among youth aged 13-15 years.

Methods: We performed secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from the latest two rounds of the Global Youth and Tobacco Survey (GYTS).

Asian American sub-ethnic disparities and trends in epithelial ovarian cancer diagnosis, treatment and survival.

Objectives: Studies on ovarian cancer (OC) diagnosis, treatment and survival across disaggregated Asian sub-ethnic groups are sparse. Few studies have also conducted trend analyses of these outcomes within and across Asian groups.

Methods: Using logistic, Cox, and Joinpoint regression analyses of the 2000-2018 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, we examined disparities and trends in OC advanced stage diagnosis, receipt of treatments and the 5-year cause-specific survival across seven Asian sub-ethnic groups.

Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking, E-cigarette Use, and Dual Use Among Urban and Rural Women During the Peripartum Period, PRAMS 2015-2020.

Objectives: Evidence has emerged on the health dangers of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among pregnant women and neonates. We examined whether rural residence is a risk factor for smoking and e-cigarette use among women during the peripartum period in the United States.

Methods: This study was based on pooled cross-sectional 2015-2020 data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System.

Cross-sectional study of the associations between the implementation of the WHO FCTC tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship bans and current e-cigarette use among youth from countries with different income levels.

Background: The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) Article 13 requires countries to ban tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS), and bans are recommended to cover electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes). We examined youth e-cigarette prevalence by TAPS regulations in countries with different income levels.

Methods: We analysed data on 165 299 respondents from 48 countries with 2016/2018 WHO FCTC implementation reports and 2016-2019 Global Youth Tobacco Survey.

Risk Factors of Premature Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in China: A Longitudinal Analysis of the China Health and Nutrition Survey Cohort.

The burden of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) has increased rapidly in China. Using the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data, we assessed the risk factors of premature ASCVD (age of diagnosis: <55 years for men and <65 years for women). Propensity score matching was used to reduce selection bias.

Implementation of the Article 13 WHO FCTC measures and changes in cigarette smoking among youth in 42 countries.

Introduction: Despite a decline in global smoking prevalence among adolescents, around 21 million youth report current cigarette smoking. Exposure to tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) is a risk factor for smoking initiation, and therefore the Article 13 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) requires comprehensive TAPS bans. We examined the associations between changes in youth cigarette smoking and implementation of Article 13.

Perinatal Smoking and E-cigarette Use and Their Relationship with Breastfeeding: PRAMS 2015-2020.

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use poses concerns among women of child-bearing age. We examined prevalence of breastfeeding among the U.S.

Exclusive and dual use of electronic cigarettes among European youth in 32 countries with different regulatory landscapes.

Background: The Tobacco Products Directive (2014/40/EU) partially harmonised the regulation of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in Europe, but individual countries maintain jurisdiction over bans on use in public places, domestic advertising, taxation and flavour regulations. Their association with youth e-cigarette use has not been examined.

Methods: We used the cross-sectional 2019 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs data from 32 countries with 98 758 students aged 15-16 years and the 2020 WHO's assessment of the e-cigarette regulations.

Changes in physical activity and risk of ischemic stroke: The ARIC study.

Background: Limited data exist regarding the impact of changes in physical activity (PA) over time on ischemic stroke risk. Exploring this understudied area could help improve stroke prevention strategies and promote PA during the lifespan.

Methods: We evaluated 11,089 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) participants recruited in 1987-1989 who completed Visit 3 (1993-1995).

Electronic cigarette use among adolescents in 17 European study sites: findings from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey.

Background: As new findings on public health implications of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use emerge, its surveillance remains of utmost importance. This study examined the latest state of e-cigarette use in youth in 17 European study sites (i.e.

Cluster analysis of urinary tobacco biomarkers among U.S. adults: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) biomarker study (2013-2014).

Tobacco use delivers nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are metabolized and excreted in urine offering useful biomarkers of exposure. Previous studies compared individual toxicants across tobacco users. Based on a group of biomarkers, cluster analysis was used to define tobacco toxicant exposure profiles.

Epidemiology of Cancers in Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): A Protocol for Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews.

While earlier studies on men having sex with men (MSM) tended to examine infection-related cancers, an increasing number of studies have been focusing on effects of sexual orientation on other cancers and social and cultural causes for cancer disparities. As a type of tertiary research, this umbrella review (UR) aims to synthesize findings from existing review studies on the effects of sexual orientation on cancer. Relevant peer-reviewed systematic reviews (SRs) will be identified without date or language restrictions using MEDLINE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and the International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews, among others.

Health Behaviors in Rural Appalachia.

Objectives: To better understand the disproportionate burdens from cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke, and other chronic conditions related to energy balance, we studied diet and physical activity patterns in younger and older adults in rural Appalachia by using a nonclinical, cross-sectional, community-based sampling approach.

Methods: A total of 651 younger (ages 18-59) and 254 older (ages ≥60) Appalachians were recruited from 43 churches or community organizations. Participants answered questions about fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity.

Breastfeeding Practices in Georgia: Rural-Urban Comparison and Trend Analyses Based on 2004-2013 PRAMS Data.

Purpose: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identified rural mothers as a priority population for targeted breastfeeding promotion programs. In Georgia, breastfeeding rates lag behind the national ones. This study examines rural-urban differences and trends over time in breastfeeding initiation and continuation (breastfeeding for at least 8 weeks) among women with a live birth from 2004 to 2013 in Georgia.

The Impact of Rurality on Likelihood of Drunk Driving and Riding With a Driver Under the Influence Among High School Students.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the importance of rural location in the likelihood of adolescent drunk driving and riding in a vehicle with a driver under the influence while controlling for a variety of student-, school-, and county-level factors.

Methods: Data from the 2013 Georgia Student Health Survey (GSHS) II (a statewide assessment of student health in public school students in Georgia) were analyzed using multilevel binary regressions to examine rural-urban differences in prevalence of driving under the influence (11 and 12 graders only; n = 114,907) and riding with a driver under the influence (9 -12 graders; n = 258,610), controlling for school-level race, gender, and income, in addition to county-level education level, unemployment, alcohol use, and smoking.

Findings: Across geographies, students were twice as likely to report riding with a driver under the influence (10.

Correlates of Cervical Cancer Screening Adherence Among Women in the U.S.: Findings from HINTS 2013-2014.

Following the latest update of cervical cancer screening guidelines in 2012, we estimate the prevalence of guideline adherent cervical cancer screening and examine its associated factors among a nationally representative sample of US women aged 21-65 years. Our study was based on cross-sectional data from Cycles 3 (2013) and 4 (2014) of the Health Information National Trends Survey. The final analytic sample consisted of 2822 women.

Muscle-strengthening and aerobic activities and mortality among 3+ year cancer survivors in the U.S.

Purpose: This study examined the association between adherence to American College of Sports Medicine and American Cancer Society guidelines on aerobic and muscle-strengthening activities and mortality risks among 3+ year cancer survivors in the U.S.

Methods: The observational study was based on 1999-2009 National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality Files with follow-up through 2011.

Are evidence-based, community-engaged energy balance interventions enough for extremely vulnerable populations?

Well-documented associations between lifestyle behaviors and disease outcomes necessitate evidence-based health promotion interventions. To enhance potential efficacy and effectiveness, interventionists increasingly respond to community priorities, employ comprehensive theoretical frameworks, invest heavily to ensure cultural fit, implement evidence-based programming, and deploy research gold standards. We describe a project that followed all of these recommended strategies, but did not achieve desired outcomes.

Epithelial ovarian cancer mortality among Hispanic women: Sub-ethnic disparities and survival trend across time: An analysis of SEER 1992-2013.

Background: Over the past half century the proportion of Hispanics in the US population has been steadily increasing, and groups of Hispanic origin have diversified. Despite notable racial and ethnic disparities in ovarian cancer (OC) mortality, population-based studies on OC among Hispanic females are lacking.

Objectives: To examine sub-ethnic disparities in OC mortality and survival trends using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) 18 data on Hispanic women diagnosed with epithelial OC during 1992-2013.

An Examination of Sociocultural Factors Associated With Mammography Screening Among Latina Immigrants.

Introduction: The study hypothesized that sociocultural factors would be associated with breast cancer screening within the past 2 years among Latina immigrant women.

Method: This study employed a survey design and included 82 Latina immigrant female participants 40 to 64 years of age for the analysis. Two multivariable binary logistic regression models were estimated, one for the sociocultural deterrents and the other for the symptomatic deterrents from the Cultural Cancer Screening Scale.

Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Hispanic Immigrant Women in Coastal South Carolina.

Objectives: This study aims to examine prevalence and correlates of cervical cancer screening utilization and adherence among a growing population of Hispanic immigrant women in coastal South Carolina.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 196 women to assess recency of screening and hypothesized study predictors (health status, beliefs, self-efficacy, having a regular provider, barriers to screening, and trust in providers). Multiple ordinal logistic regressions identified final covariates which would predict recency of screening.

Self-perceived Income Sufficiency and Self-reported Income Level among a Health Inequity Population.

This study presents a dynamic approach to collecting income information. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 2,022 residents of historically underserved Appalachian Kentucky, an ideal location due to pervasive low income and our ability to control for potential confounders such as race/ethnicity and residential heterogeneity. In unadjusted analyses, nearly half of the sample indicated they struggled to meet their needs; 43% said they made just enough to get by; and 10% indicated they had more than they needed to live well.

Does vigilance in decision-making matter for dementia family caregivers?

Objectives: Family responsibilities and social expectations often prompt conflict in caregivers' decision-making processes. Janis and Mann's (1977) conflict model describes vigilance as high-quality decision-making resulting in optimal outcomes. The purpose of our research was threefold: (1) to describe decision styles in a population of family caregivers of persons with dementia; (2) to examine the socio-economic characteristics associated with caregivers who are more likely to be vigilant decision-makers; and (3) to assess differences in caregiving experiences between vigilant and non-vigilant caregivers.

Physical activity levels and counseling by health care providers in cancer survivors.

Physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors issued by the American Cancer Society and the American College of Sports Medicine emphasize the essential role of a health care provider (HCP) in counseling cancer survivors to achieve healthier lifestyles. However, research has not established whether HCP's recommendations to engage in physical activity are associated with increased physical activity levels of cancer survivors. The study examines this potential association using the 2005 and 2010 National Health Interview Survey data.