Barriers and factors associated with adherence to a home exercise program of adults with musculoskeletal pain.

Background: Home exercise programs (HEPs) are cost-effective and efficacious treatments for musculoskeletal pain conditions. Although HEPs are an important part of the continuum of care, non-adherence limits their effectiveness.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine adherence and specific barriers to clinician-prescribed HEPs in adults with musculoskeletal pain.

Barriers to driving and psychosocial outcomes after traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Examine considerations and perceived barriers to return to driving, and their association with psychosocial outcomes among adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who were not driving.

Methods: 174 adults with moderate-to-severe TBI enrolled in the TBI Model System participated in this cross-sectional study. All participants were drivers prior to their TBI.

Multisite randomized feasibility study of Problem-Solving Training for care partners of adults with traumatic brain injury during inpatient rehabilitation.

Background: Problem-Solving Training (PST) during inpatient rehabilitation could provide care partners the skills needed to manage their life roles after discharge.

Objective: Determine the feasibility of PST+ Education versus Education for care partners of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) during inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods: We conducted a multisite randomized feasibility trial across three sites.

Crash Risk Following Return to Driving After Moderate-to-Severe TBI: A TBI Model Systems Study.

Objective: To examine motor vehicle crash frequency and risk factors following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Eight TBI Model Systems sites. Participants: Adults ( N = 438) with TBI who required inpatient acute rehabilitation.

The Utility of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) Sleep Disturbance Item as a Screener for Insomnia in Individuals With Moderate to Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To examine the utility of the sleep disturbance item of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as a screening tool for insomnia among individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Telephone interview.

Participants: A sample of 248 individuals with a history of moderate to severe TBI participated in an interview within 2 years of their injury.

Psychosocial Impacts of the COVID-19 Quarantine: A Study of Gender Differences in 59 Countries.

: There is strong evidence in the literature that women experience psychological disorders at significantly higher rates than men. The higher rates of psychological disorders in women may partly be attributable to gender differences in response to stressors and coping styles. The objective of this study was to contribute to the growing body of literature investigating gender differences in mental health outcomes and coping styles during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in a large sample of individuals from 59 countries with variable demographic and socio-cultural characteristics.

Low Vitamin D Level Is Associated with Acute Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Vitamin D and its association with venous thromboembolism (VTE) have been studied in common rehabilitation populations, such as spinal cord injury and ischemic stroke groups. This study explores the relationship between vitamin D levels and acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) population. This is a retrospective cohort study that analyzes the relationship between vitamin D levels and the prevalence of DVT during acute inpatient rehabilitation.

Aging with Traumatic Brain Injury: Deleterious Effects of Injury Chronicity Are Most Pronounced in Later Life.

Understanding the effects of age on longitudinal traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes requires attention to both chronic and evolving TBI effects and age-related changes in health and function. The present study examines the independent and interactive effects of aging and chronicity on functional outcomes after TBI. We leveraged a well-defined cohort of individuals who sustained a moderate/severe TBI and received acute inpatient rehabilitation at specialized centers with high follow up rate as part of their involvement in the TBI Model Systems longitudinal study.

Return to Driving After Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model System Study.

Objective: Describe who is able to return to driving (RTD) after moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), when this occurs, who maintains that activity, and the association with outcome.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive study.

Setting: Eight follow-up sites of the TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) program.

Sex and Gender Issues for Individuals With Acquired Brain Injury During COVID-19: A Commentary.

Worldwide, the rehabilitation community has been affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The effect of COVID-19 has been disproportionately devastating for individuals with disabilities, particularly those with acquired brain injury (ABI) owing to injury-related cognitive or sensory and physical difficulties. Many physical and psychological symptoms of COVID-19 are already well-known issues for individuals with ABI.

Factors associated with the remission of insomnia after traumatic brain injury: a traumatic brain injury model systems study.

: To examine the factors associated with the remission of insomnia by examining a sample of individuals who had insomnia within the first two years after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and assessing their status at a secondary time point.: Secondary data analysis from a multicenter longitudinal cohort study. A sample of 40 individuals meeting inclusion criteria completed a number of self-report scales measuring sleep/wake characteristics (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, Sleep Hygiene Index), fatigue and depression (Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue, Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and community participation (Participation Assessment with Recombined Tools-Objective).

Evidence-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation: Systematic Review of the Literature From 2009 Through 2014.

Objectives: To conduct an updated, systematic review of the clinical literature, classify studies based on the strength of research design, and derive consensual, evidence-based clinical recommendations for cognitive rehabilitation of people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke.

Data Sources: Online PubMed and print journal searches identified citations for 250 articles published from 2009 through 2014.

Study Selection: Selected for inclusion were 186 articles after initial screening.

Care partner problem solving training (CP-PST) for care partners of adults with traumatic brain injury during inpatient rehabilitation: Study protocol for a multisite, randomized, single-blind clinical feasibility trial.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to immediate and chronic functional impairments that affect care partners, or those providing physical and/or emotional support to individuals with TBI. The many challenges associated with being a care partner often lead to caregiver burden and can compromise the well-being and quality of life of care partners and individuals with TBI under their care. Equipping care partners with problem-solving skills could facilitate and sustain their transition into this supportive role.

Sleep after TBI: How the TBI Model Systems have advanced the field.

Background: Identification and management of comorbidities in TBI has become an increasing focus for optimizing TBI outcomes. Recent meta-analyses highlight sleep disturbance and sleep disorders following TBI (Mathias & Alvaro, 2012). Improving the recognition and treatment of sleep disorders in TBI should be a central focus of rehabilitation.

Executive attention deficits after traumatic brain injury reflect impaired recruitment of resources.

Deficits in attention are a common and devastating consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), leading to functional impairments, rehabilitation barriers, and long-term disability. While such deficits are well documented, little is known about their underlying pathophysiology hindering development of effective and targeted interventions. Here we evaluate the integrity of brain systems specific to attentional functions using quantitative assessments of electroencephalography recorded during performance of the Attention Network Test (ANT), a behavioral paradigm that separates alerting, orienting, and executive components of attention.

Screening for History of Traumatic Brain Injury Among Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence.

Unlabelled: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common chronically debilitating consequence of intimate-partner violence (IPV). Diagnosis and effective treatment are precluded by poor detection and lack of uniform practice guidelines for TBI screening in IPV. Although there are several TBI-screening tools commonly used in clinical and research practices, their applicability to this unique and vulnerable population is unclear.

Misconceptions and Misattributions About Traumatic Brain Injury: An Integrated Conceptual Framework.

The objective of the present narrative review was to provide a conceptual framework to address common misconceptions in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and enhance clinical and research practices. This framework is based on review of the literature on TBI knowledge and beliefs. The comprehensive search of the literature included seminal and current texts as well as relevant articles on TBI knowledge and education, misconceptions, and misattributions.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of physicians and nurses regarding the link between IVF treatments and breast cancer.

Purpose: The ovarian stimulating hormones used in In-Vitro Fertilization may increase the incidence of breast cancer. Little research has been conducted to ascertain health professionals' knowledge or practices regarding this possible connection and if they communicate this risk to their patients. This study described the knowledge, attitudes and practices of doctors and nurses regarding the causative link between In-Vitro Fertilization treatments and breast cancer, and to determine if these health professionals were assessing or communicating this possible risk to their patients.

Sexual functioning and the effect of fatigue in traumatic brain injury.

Objectives: The primary objective was to examine specific aspects of sexual functioning (frequency, desired frequency, importance, and satisfaction) and their relationship to fatigue in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) compared with those without brain injury. The relationship of demographic variables, emotional well-being, and health-related quality of life to sexual functioning was also explored.

Participants: 200 community-dwelling adults with self-reported mild-to-severe TBI and 83 individuals without brain injury.

Alerting, orienting, and executive attention in older adults.

The Attention Network Test (ANT) assesses alerting, orienting, and executive attention. The current study was designed to achieve three main objectives. First, we determined the reliability, effects, and interactions of attention networks in a relatively large cohort of non-demented older adults (n = 184).

The diagnostic yield of D-Dimer in relation to time from symptom onset in patients evaluated for venous thromboembolism in the emergency medicine department.

D-Dimer concentrations increase following the thrombotic event and decrease thereafter. Timing of D-Dimer evaluation in relation to the onset of the disease might have a diagnostic impact. We have presently performed a retrospective analysis of diagnostic procedures performed in individuals who presented to the Emergency department and evaluated for acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) following a single quantitative D-Dimer testing.

Extending the administration time of the letter fluency test increases sensitivity to cognitive status in aging.

The authors examined whether extending the administration time of letter fluency from 1 minute per letter trial (standard administration) to 2 minutes increased the sensitivity of this test to cognitive status in aging. Participants (mean age = 84.6) were assigned to cognitive impairment (n = 20) and control (n = 40) groups.