Clinical management and nursing care for patients with tracheostomy following traumatic brain injury.

Tracheostomy is a routine surgical procedure in patients with severe traumatic brain injury, which requires mechanical ventilation to maintain gas exchange and avoid hypoxemia. Inadequate tracheostomy timing, nursing care, and decannulation would lead to a series of complications, such as aggravated pneumonia and prolonged intubation. The effects of early tracheostomy versus late tracheostomy have been explored.

Mechanisms of Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Improving Motor Dysfunction After Stroke.

Patients with stroke would have persistent functional deficits despite undergoing physiotherapy and rehabilitation training. Recently, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), a newly emerging neuroregulatory technique, has been shown to improve motor dysfunction after stroke. Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies has proven the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of invasive and noninvasive VNS.

CD36 deletion prevents white matter injury by modulating microglia polarization through the Traf5-MAPK signal pathway.

Background: White matter injury (WMI) represents a significant etiological factor contributing to neurological impairment subsequent to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). CD36 receptors are recognized as pivotal participants in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, including stroke and spinal cord injury. Furthermore, dynamic fluctuations in the phenotypic polarization of microglial cells have been intimately associated with the regenerative processes within the injured tissue following TBI.

Neutrophil extracellular traps facilitate sympathetic hyperactivity by polarizing microglia toward M1 phenotype after traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly diffuse axonal injury (DAI), often results in sympathetic hyperactivity, which can exacerbate the prognosis of TBI patients. A key component of this process is the role of neutrophils in causing neuroinflammation after TBI by forming neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), but the connection between NETs and sympathetic excitation following TBI remains unclear. Utilizing a DAI rat model, the current investigation examined the role of NETs and the HMGB1/JNK/AP1 signaling pathway in this process.

Evaluation of mild cognitive impairment genetic susceptibility risks in a Chinese population.

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a kind of non-functional cognitive decline between normal aging and dementia. With the increase of individual age, the quality of cognitive function has become a more and more important topic. The study of gene loci in patients with MCI is essential for the prevention of dementia.

Association of Gene Polymorphisms in APOE and BIN1 With Dementia of Alzheimer's Type Susceptibility in Chinese Han Population.

Dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) is the most common chronic neurodegenerative disease. At present, the pathogenesis of DAT is not completely clear, and there are no drugs that can cure the disease. Once an individual is diagnosed with DAT, the survival time is only 3 to 9 years.

Do Leptin Play a Role in Metabolism-Related Psychopathological Symptoms?

Leptin is a crucial regulator of energy balance and is associated with obesity. In recent years, it has also been recognized as involved in the psychopathological mechanism. Our study aimed to elucidate the relationships between serum leptin levels, body mass index (BMI), and psychopathology symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

Sex Differences in the Association of HOMA-IR Index and BDNF in Han Chinese Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia.

Previous research has indicated that there are significant sex differences in serum BDNF levels and metabolic indicators in patients with schizophrenia. Studies have found that BDNF is involved in blood sugar regulation. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is currently a sensitive indicator for measuring insulin resistance.

NETs Lead to Sympathetic Hyperactivity After Traumatic Brain Injury Through the LL37-Hippo/MST1 Pathway.

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is one of the important reasons for the high mortality and morbidity of traumatic brain injury (TBI). We aim to explore the role of the neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the pathogenesis of sympathetic hyperexcitability after TBI and the underlying mechanisms, providing evidence for clinical treatment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess the plasma metanephrine and normetanephrine levels which represented the variation of the sympathetic system after TBI with rat diffuse axonal injury (DAI) model.

Do proinflammatory cytokines play a role in clozapine-associated glycometabolism disorders?

Rationale And Objective: Clozapine (CLZ) is the most effective drug for treatment-resistant schizophrenia but is associated with many side effects, including glycometabolism disorders. Immunological mechanisms may be involved in the development of clozapine side effects. Research relating the immunomodulatory effects of clozapine and its early markers to clinically relevant adverse events is needed to reduce the harmful side effects of clozapine.

Does spinal sagittal imbalance lead to future vertebral compression fractures in osteoporosis patients?

Background Context: Many risk factors for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) have been reported. However, there are few reports on the relationship between spine sagittal parameters in patients with osteoporosis.

Purpose: To explore whether: spinal sagittal imbalance is associated with future vertebral compression fractures in osteoporosis patients; spinal sagittal parameters in patients with osteoporosis can predict the occurrence of vertebral compression fractures.

Schizophrenia patients with a metabolically abnormal obese phenotype have milder negative symptoms.

Background: Schizophrenia patients with a metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) phenotype have been shown poor cardiovascular outcomes, but the characteristics of their current psychiatric symptoms have not been characterized. This study mainly explored the psychiatric symptoms of schizophrenia patients with the MAO phenotype.

Methods: A total of 329 patients with schizophrenia and 175 sex- and age-matched people without schizophrenia from Anhui Province in China were enrolled.

Prevalence and clinical demography of hyperhomocysteinemia in Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia.

Previous studies have shown that high homocysteine worsens the occurrence, symptoms, and prognosis of patients with schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, clinical correlation, and demographic characteristics of hyperhomocysteinemia in Han Chinese schizophrenia patients. In this study, we enrolled 330 schizophrenia patients and 190 healthy controls.

Quantitative Conversion of Methanol to Methyl Formate on Graphene-Confined Nano-Oxides.

We demonstrate the nearly quantitative conversion of methanol to methyl formate (MF) with a reliable durability on the reduced-graphene-oxide-confined VTiOx nanoparticles (rGO@VTiO). The rGO@VTiO exhibits superior low-temperature reactivity than the rGO-free VTiO, and the MF yield of 98.8% is even comparable with the noble metal catalysts.

A higher body mass index in Chinese inpatients with chronic schizophrenia is associated with elevated plasma orexin-A levels and fewer negative symptoms.

Orexin-A is involved in numerous physiological functions, such as feeding behavior and energy balance. Yet, the associations among the orexin system, weight changes and the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia patients remain uncertain, especially in inpatients with chronic schizophrenia (CS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the orexin-A levels, body mass index (BMI) and clinical symptoms of CS inpatients.

Ultralow Pt Catalyst for Formaldehyde Removal: The Determinant Role of Support.

Supported Pt catalyst has been intensively investigated for formaldehyde elimination owing to its superior reactivity at room temperature (RT). However, the high Pt content is challenging because of its high cost. Herein, we report PbO-supported Pt catalysts with only 0.

Self-Assembly of Thiourea-Crosslinked Graphene Oxide Framework Membranes toward Separation of Small Molecules.

The poor mechanical strength of graphene oxide (GO) membranes, caused by the weak interlamellar interactions, poses a critical challenge for any practical application. In addition, intrinsic but large-sized 2D channels of stacked GO membranes lead to low selectivity for small molecules. To address the mechanical strength and 2D channel size control, thiourea covalent-linked graphene oxide framework (TU-GOF) membranes on porous ceramics are developed through a facile hydrothermal self-assembly synthesis.

Fast and sensitive detection of Pb2+ in foods using disposable screen-printed electrode modified by reduced graphene oxide.

In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was electrochemically deposited on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) to prepare a disposable sensor for fast detection of Pb2+ in foods. The SEM images showed that the rGO was homogeneously deposited onto the electrode surface with a wrinkled nanostructure, which provided 2D bridges for electron transport and a larger active area for Pb2+ adsorption. Results showed that rGO modification enhanced the activity of the electrode surface, and significantly improved the electrochemical properties of SPCE.