Multifunctional nanomaterials cell cuproptosis and oxidative stress for treating osteosarcoma and OS-induced bone destruction.

Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) refers to a highly reactive class of oxidizing species that have the potential to induce cellular apoptosis and necrosis. Cuproptosis, a type of cell death, is primarily associated with the effects of copper ions. However, the specific relationship between ROS, cuproptosis, and osteosarcoma (OS) remains relatively unexplored.

Nitisinone attenuates cartilage degeneration and subchondral osteoclastogenesis in osteoarthritis and concomitantly inhibits the cGAS/STING/NF-κB pathway.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone remodelling. Currently, conservative treatment strategies cannot effectively alleviate the progression of OA. In this study, we used computer network analysis to show that Nitisinone (NTBC) is closely related to extracellular matrix degradation in OA and mainly interferes with the TNF-α signaling pathway.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) promotes intervertebral disc degeneration through the NF-κB pathway, and the MIF inhibitor CPSI-1306 alleviates intervertebral disc degeneration in a mouse model.

Lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration(IDD) is a prevalent inflammatory disease caused by many proinflammatory factors, such as TNF and IL-1β. Migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an upstream inflammatory factor widely expressed in vivo that is associated with a variety of inflammatory diseases or malignant tumors and has potential therapeutic value in many diseases. We explored the role of MIF in intervertebral disc degeneration by regulating the content of exogenous MIF or the expression of MIF in cells.

Wide field of view optical phased array with a high-directionality antenna.

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) is a widely utilized technology for extracting information from the outside world in fields such as automotive, robotics, and aerospace. Optical phased array (OPA) is a promising solution for LiDAR technology, although its application is limited by loss and alias-free steering range. In this paper, we propose a dual-layer antenna that achieves a peak directionality of over 92%, thereby mitigating antenna loss and enhancing power efficiency.

Formononetin improves the inflammatory response and bone destruction in knee joint lesions by regulating the NF-kB and MAPK signaling pathways.

Formononetin (FMN) is a phytoestrogen that belongs to the isoflavone family. It has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as, many other biological activities. Existing evidence has aroused interest in its ability to protect against osteoarthritis (OA) and promote bone remodeling.

Two-dimensional scanning of silicon-based focal plane array with field-of-view splicing technology.

All-solid-state beam scanning chip is ideal for next-generation LiDAR due to its reliability and small size. Here we propose a focal plane array chip for two-dimensional scanning using field-of-view splicing technology on silicon photonics platform. The chip has two rotationally symmetric structures, each including a 1 × 64 antenna array accompanied by a 1 × 64 micro-ring optical switch array.

Overexpression of miR-148a-3p inhibits extracellular matrix degradation and alleviates IL-1β-induced intervertebral disc degeneration.

Objectives: Recently, studies on microRNAs (miRNAs) and their targets and related genes have provided new therapeutic opportunities for controlling intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). We aimed to investigate the effects of miR-148a-3p overexpression on IDD progression.

Materials And Methods: This study used microRNA microarrays to analyze key regulators of IDD.

Non-uniform optical phased array with a large steering angle and high side mode suppression ratio.

An optical phased array (OPA) is one of the most promising methods of light detection and ranging. A non-uniform array with different emitter distances is a method to realize OPA steering without grating lobes or a distance between two adjacent emitters larger than /2. However, the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) will decrease as OPA turns into a large angle.

MiR-148a deletion protects from bone loss in physiological and estrogen-deficient mice by targeting NRP1.

Bone metabolic homeostasis is largely dependent on the dynamic balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in regulating bone metabolism. In this study, we explored the role of a new miRNA (miR-148a) in osteoporosis.

Hybrid modeling of perovskite light-emitting diodes with nanostructured emissive layers.

Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted much attention due to their superior performance. When a bottleneck of energy conversion efficiency is achieved with materials engineering, nanostructure incorporation proves to be a feasible approach to further improve device efficiencies via light extraction enhancement. The finite-difference time-domain simulation is widely used for optical analysis of nanostructured optoelectronic devices, but reliable modeling of PeLEDs with nanostructured emissive layers remains unmet due to the difficulty of locating dipole light sources.

Adoption of large aperture chirped grating antennas in optical phase array for long distance ranging.

Optical phased array can be widely used in many fields benefiting from its superior performance. We designed and fabricated chirped grating antennas and uniform grating antennas for the optical phased array. The effective aperture of the chirped grating antennas is about twice that of the uniform grating antennas.

Azilsartan Suppresses Osteoclastogenesis and Ameliorates Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis by Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Activating Nrf2 Signaling.

Osteoporosis is characterized by a decrease in bone mass and destruction of the bone microarchitecture, and it commonly occurs in postmenopausal women and the elderly. Overactivation of osteoclasts caused by the inflammatory response or oxidative stress leads to osteoporosis. An increasing number of studies have suggested that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strongly associated with osteoclastogenesis.

SIS3 suppresses osteoclastogenesis and ameliorates bone loss in ovariectomized mice by modulating Nox4-dependent reactive oxygen species.

Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder of reduced bone mass, accompanied by the deterioration of the bone microstructure, resulting in increased brittleness and easy fracture. Its pathogenesis can be explained by mainly excessive osteoclast formation or bone resorption hyperfunction. Oxidative stress is intricately linked with bone metabolism, and the maturation and bone resorption of osteoclasts respond to intracellular ROS levels.

Inclined emitting slotted single-mode laser with 1.7° vertical divergence angle for PIC applications.

In this Letter, a new type of single-mode slotted laser used for an on-chip light source in photonic integrated circuits is proposed. An inclined light beam with a low vertical divergence angle can be directly coupled into the surface grating of the silicon to form an integrated light source. Experimentally, a III-V laser with a 54.

High-brightness single-mode double-tapered laser diodes with laterally coupled high-order surface grating.

Double-tapered laser diodes with 23rd order laterally coupled surface gratings are fabricated at 913 nm. A narrow ridge waveguide restricts the lateral mode number, and tapered waveguides are utilized to enhance the output power. The gratings defined on the sides of ridge waveguide filter not only the longitudinal modes but also the high-order lateral modes.

High-brightness diode laser arrays integrated with a phase shifter designed for single-lobe far-field pattern.

High-brightness, edge-emitting diode laser arrays integrated with a phase shifter have been designed and fabricated at a wavelength of about 910 nm. Stable out-of-phase mode is generated through coupling evanescently and converted to be nearly in-phase by the phase modulation from the phase shifter. With a very simple manufacture process, stable single-lobe far-field pattern is achieved in the slow axis when the continuous wave output power exceeds 460 mW/facet, and the divergence angle is only 2.

Hybrid III-V/silicon single-mode laser with periodic microstructures.

In this Letter, a III-V/silicon hybrid single-mode laser operating at C band for photonic integration circuit is presented. The InGaAlAs gain structure is bonded onto a patterned silicon-on insulator through wafer to wafer directly. The mode selected mechanism based on a hybrid III-V/silicon straight cavity with periodic microstructures is applied, which only need low cost i-line projection photolithography in the whole technological process.

A hybrid silicon single mode laser with a slotted feedback structure.

In this paper, a III-V/Silicon hybrid single mode laser operating at a long wavelength for photonic integration circuit is presented. The InGaAlAs gain structure is bonded onto a patterned silicon-on insulator wafer directly. The novel mode selected mechanism based on a slotted silicon waveguide is applied, which only need standard photolithography in the whole technological process.

Ultracompact 1×4 TM-polarized beam splitter based on photonic crystal surface mode.

We provide an improved surface-mode photonic crystal (PhC) T-junction waveguide, combine it with an improved PhC bandgap T-junction waveguide, and then provide an ultracompact 1×4 TM-polarized beam splitter. The energy is split equally into the four output waveguides. The maximal transmission ratio of each output waveguide branch equals 24.

Chromatic dispersion and PMD monitoring and compensation techniques studies in optical communication systems with single channel speed 40Gbit/s and CSRZ format.

We study a whole compensation system for chromatic dispersion and polarization mode dispersion, including monitoring subsystems and compensation subsystems in optical communication systems with single channel speed 40Gbit/s and CSRZ format. We employed the spectral shift effect of a semiconductor optical amplifier for chromatic dispersion monitoring, and a non-linearly chirped fiber Bragg grating for chromatic dispersion compensation. The degree of polarization characterizes is used as feedback control signal of polarization mode dispersion monitoring, and a polarization controller and a polarization maintaining fiber are formed a polarization mode dispersion compensator.

Broadband dispersion-compensating photonic crystal fiber.

We present a modified dual-core photonic crystal fiber, based on pure silica, with special grapefruit holes in the inner cladding. The fiber has large, broadband negative dispersion, and the dispersion value varies linearly from -380 t o-420 ps/(nm km) in the C band. To decrease the fabrication difficulty, large air holes are adopted.

Theoretical study and experimental fabrication of high negative dispersion photonic crystal fiber with large area mode field.

We present a systematic process of theoretical design and experimental fabrication of the large mode area and large negative dispersion photonic crystal fiber. An easily fabricated fiber structure is proposed. The influence of structure parameters deviations from the design on the chromatic dispersion are evaluated and a design rule is given.

Thermally tunable dispersion compensator in 40-Gb/s system using FBG fabricated with linearly chirped phase mask.

An improved design and fabrication method of nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg gratings is demonstrated. Based on reconstruction-equivalent- chirp method, the nonlinearly chirped fiber Bragg grating is realized with a linearly chirped phase mask instead of a uniform one, which improves the performance of the device. Coated with uniform thin metal film, the obtained grating works as a tunable dispersion compensator with a tuning range ~200ps/nm, peak-to-peak group delay ripple <14ps and 3-dB bandwidth approximately 2nm.

Sampled Bragg grating with desired response in one channel by use of a reconstruction algorithm and equivalent chirp.

The reconstruction algorithm is first applied to a sampled Bragg grating (SBG) with chirp in the sampling period. This method is demonstrated to achieve various profiles of both reflection and group delay within one channel of the SBG. This method has the advantage that the phase mask does not need any chirp, and only submicrometer precision is needed in the fabrication process.