Enhancing tropical cyclone intensity forecasting with explainable deep learning integrating satellite observations and numerical model outputs.

Tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change forecasting remains challenging due to the lack of understanding of the interactions between TC changes and environmental parameters, and the high uncertainties resulting from climate change. This study proposed hybrid convolutional neural networks (hybrid-CNN), which effectively combined satellite-based spatial characteristics and numerical prediction model outputs, to forecast TC intensity with lead times of 24, 48, and 72 h. The models were validated against best track data by TC category and phase and compared with the Korea Meteorological Administrator (KMA)-based TC forecasts.

Operando spectroscopic characterization of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite quantum dots for tracking electrochemical reactions.

Multidimensional ABX hybrid perovskites three-dimensionally confined dot-shaped structure demonstrate versatile potential to photoelectrochemical cells for water splitting, hydrogen generation, solar cells, and light-emitting diodes. To apply perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) to solar-driven chemistry and optoelectronic devices, understanding the photoinduced charge carrier dynamics of PQDs under electrochemical conditions or applied bias are important. In this study, the detailed transformation mechanism of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite quantum dots under electrochemical conditions was studied by tracking the products of the reaction through cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, in-situ UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry, etc.

Diurnal urban heat risk assessment using extreme air temperatures and real-time population data in Seoul.

Previous heat risk assessments have limitations in obtaining accurate heat hazard sources and capturing population distributions, which change over time. This study proposes a diurnal heat risk assessment framework incorporating spatiotemporal air temperature and real-time population data. Daytime and nighttime heat risk maps were generated using hazard, exposure, and vulnerability components in Seoul during the summer of 2018.

Healable Anti-Corrosive and Wear-Resistant Silicone-Oil-Impregnated Porous Oxide Layer of Aluminum Alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation.

Lubricant (or oil)-impregnated porous surface has been considered as a promising surface treatment to realize multifunctionality. In this study, silicone oil was impregnated into a hard porous oxide layer created by the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) of aluminum (Al) alloys. The monolayer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) from silicone oil is formed on a porous oxide layer; thus, a water-repellent slippery oil-impregnated surface is realized on Al alloy, showing a low contact angle hysteresis of less than 5°.

Multifunctional Edible Oil-Impregnated Nanoporous Oxide Layer on AISI 304 Stainless Steel.

Slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) realized on commercial materials provides various functionalities, such as corrosion resistance, condensation heat transfer, anti-fouling, de/anti-icing, and self-cleaning. In particular, perfluorinated lubricants infused in fluorocarbon-coated porous structures have showed exceptional performances with durability; however, they caused several issues in safety, due to their difficulty in degradation and bio-accumulation. Here, we introduce a new approach to create the multifunctional lubricant-impregnated surface with edible oils and fatty acid, which are also safe to human body and degradable in nature.

Searching for New Human Behavior Model in the Climate Change Age: Analyzing the Impact of Risk Perception and Government Factors on Intention-Action Consistency in Particulate Matter Mitigation.

This study aims to analyze factors influencing citizens' intentions to take protective action against particulate matter (PM) and their actual actions in response to PM. There were few research on the role of government factors and the issue of intention-action inconsistency in the context of PM mitigation action. Therefore, this study set not only variables in the risk perception paradigm but also ones in government factors as independent variables, while intention and action in response to PM were set as dependent variables.

Role of electrochemical reactions in the degradation of formamidinium lead halide hybrid perovskite quantum dots.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are widely utilized in solar driven chemistry such as photocatalysis, hydrogen evolution, and oxygen reduction. Hybrid perovskites contain various components with high polarity and/or charge values, which undergo transformations due to ion exchange, photoinduced phase segregation, or ion migration. These variable characteristics make perovskites "soft materials".

Comparison of Allergenic Properties among Commercially Available House Dust Mite Allergen Extracts in Korea.

Precise allergy diagnosis and effective allergen specific immunotherapy are largely dependent on the quality of allergen extract. A new extract of was commercially developed by Prolagen. The allergenic properties of the new extract were compared with those of other commercial products.

Etch characteristics of Si and TiO nanostructures using pulse biased inductively coupled plasmas.

The etch characteristics of Si and TiO nanostructures for optical devices were investigated using pulse biased inductively coupled plasmas (ICP) with SF/CF/Ar and BCl/Ar, respectively, and the results were compared with those etched using continuous wave (CW) biased ICP. By using pulse biasing compared to CW biasing in the etching of the line/pillar nanostructures with various aspect ratios, there was a reduction of the aspect ratio dependent etching (ARDE) and therefore, uniform etch depths for nanostructures with different pattern widths, as well as the improvement of the etch profiles without any notching, were obtained not only for silicon nanostructures but also for TiO nanostructures. The investigation has determined that the improvement of etch profiles and reduced ARDE effect when using pulse biasing are related to the decreased surface charging caused by neutralization of the surface and the improved radical adsorption (or etch byproduct removal) on the etched surfaces during the pulse-off period for pulse biasing compared to CW biasing.

Gallbladder contraction at CT and sonography secondary to bowel preparation for colonoscopy.

Purpose: To investigate volume changes of the gallbladder at computed tomography (CT) following bowel preparation for colonoscopy and to evaluate the incidence of gallbladder contraction at abdominal sonography performed with colonoscopy on the same day.

Methods: During a 1-year period, 222 patients underwent abdominal CT (CT) and colonoscopy on the same day. Among them, 123 patients had prior CT imaging without receiving colonoscopy in the past were enrolled.

Isolated Trochlear Nerve Palsy in a Patient with Superior Cerebellar Rete Mirabile.

Background: Rete mirabile is a very rare vascular malformation and superior cerebellar artery (SCA) rete mirabile is not reported previously. We report a new case of rete mirabile of SCA initially detected by magnetic resonance imaging and transfemoral cerebral angiography.

Case Description: This report illustrates the case of a 58-year-old man who presented with vertical diplopia.