Interpreting machine for ambiguous figures.

Quantum theory presents a unique scenario pertaining to collapse processes. A device that measures variables incompatible with those being detected collapses randomly into one of the states defined by the measuring device. The distinction that a collapsed output is not an accurate description of reality but rather a random selection from a set of values derived from the measuring device allows us to utilize the collapse process to propose a scheme wherein a machine becomes capable of performing interpreting processes.

QLCA and Entangled States as Single-Neuron Activity Generators.

Each neuron in the central nervous system has many dendrites, which provide input information through impulses. Assuming that a neuron's decision to continue or stop firing is made by rules applied to the dendrites' inputs, we associate neuron activity with a quantum like-cellular automaton (QLCA) concepts. Following a previous study that related the CA description with entangled states, we provide a quantum-like description of neuron activity.

Internal clocks induced by generating functions.

We introduce a nonlinear model that defines a complex system possessing diverse mediums shaped by generating functions. Our model is implemented on systems with internal clocks.

[Tracheostomy and endotracheal intubation: a short history].

The first descriptions of tracheostomy appear in old Hindu scripts around 2000 BC and Egyptian documents around 1500 BC. Since then, other reports in animals and humans established the tracheostomy as a life saving procedure. Vesalius in 1543 reported the first tracheal intubation in an animal.

Endotracheal intubation with a gum-elastic bougie in unanticipated difficult direct laryngoscopy: comparison of a blind technique versus indirect laryngoscopy with a laryngeal mirror.

Unlabelled: We evaluated the efficacy of intubation over a gum-elastic bougie by using either a blind technique or indirect laryngoscopy with a laryngeal mirror in patients with unexpected difficult direct laryngoscopy. In a prospective study, 60 consecutive patients with an unexpected Grade III or IV direct laryngoscopy were randomly allocated for intubation with a gum-elastic bougie either blindly (Group 1) or by indirect laryngoscopy with a laryngeal mirror (Group 2). We evaluated the failure rate of each method of intubation, complications related to either method, and the time required for intubation.