Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage and iodine-125 seed migration due to hepatogastric fistula: a case report and literature review.

Background: Hepatogastric fistula (HGF) is an uncommon occurrence that can be associated with various medical conditions. The primary causes typically involve peptic ulcer disease, infections (such as pyogenic, amoebic or tuberculosis), or iatrogenic factors (like post transarterial chemoembolization or radiotherapy). Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage following HGF is extremely rare, with iodine-125 (I) seed migration to the stomach through HGF not previously documented.

Portal vein embolization for closure of marked arterioportal shunt of hepatocellular carcinoma to enable radioembolization: A case report.

Background: Marked arterioportal shunt (APS) can be a contraindication for transarterial radioembolization (TARE) because of the risk of radiation-induced liver toxicity or pneumonitis. To date, the best method to close marked APS to reduce intrahepatic shunt (IHS) and hepatopulmonary shunt (HPS) before TARE has not been elucidated.

Case Summary: This case report describes a novel strategy of embolization of the portal venous outlet to reduce IHS and HPS caused by marked APS before TARE in a patient with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Optimal interventional treatment for liver cancer: HAIC, TACE or iTACE?

Primary liver cancer is a common and lethal malignancy in China. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is globally recognized as the preferred treatment modality for the non-surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), while transcatheter arterial infusion (TAI) is another effective interventional treatment for HCC. In recent years, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC) has gained increasing attention as an application-regulated modality for TAI.

Endovascular treatment for delayed post-pancreaticoduodenectomy hemorrhage of unusual origin (splenic artery branch).

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the method, efficacy, and safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) of delayed splenic artery branch (SAB) hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Methods: From March 2019 to January 2022, all patients underwent EVT of SAB for delayed post-pancreaticoduodenectomy hemorrhage were included. Demographic, laboratory, angiographic, and clinical follow-up data were collected and analyzed.

Portal vein embolization in the treatment of portal vein bleeding after percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage: A case report and literature review.

Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is an effective treatment for benign and malignant obstructive jaundice. Major bleeding complications occur in approximately 2-3% of patients after PTBD, which can result in death. A case involving a 63-year-old male with malignant obstructive jaundice, who experienced severe bleeding after PTBD, is reported.

Conversion Therapy of Large Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Ipsilateral Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus Using Portal Vein Embolization Plus Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization.

Background: The study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of conversion therapy with portal vein embolization (PVE) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with large unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and ipsilateral portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated consecutive patients with initially large (≥5 cm) unresectable HCC with ipsilateral PVTT who underwent PVE + TACE at our center between June 2016 and September 2020 (Group A). Clinically equivalent patients from three centers who were receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) + TACE (Group B) were included.

Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy versus sequential transarterial chemoembolization and portal vein embolization in staged hepatectomy for HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma: a randomized comparative study.

Background: Both portal vein embolization (PVE) and associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) have merits and demerits when used in patients with unresectable liver cancers due to insufficient volumes in future liver remnant (FLR).

Methods: This study was a single-center, prospective randomized comparative study. Patients with the diagnosis of hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to the 2 groups.

Feasibility and Safety of Delayed Catheter Removal Technique in Percutaneous Trans-Hepatic Portal Vein Embolization.

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility and safety of the delayed catheter removal technique in trans-hepatic portal vein embolization (PVE) and to explore a suitable technique. This was a retrospective study. In 278 consecutive patients, the puncture tract of the trans-hepatic PVE was treated using the delayed catheter removal technique after PVE.

Endovascular therapy choices for different sites of delayed postoperative arterial hemorrhage after hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery: a retrospective study.

Background: Angiography and subsequent endovascular therapy is an effective technique for delayed postoperative arterial hemorrhage (PAH) after hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery. In this research, we aimed to evaluate endovascular therapy choices for different sites of delayed PAH after hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery.

Methods: A total of 85 patients with delayed PAH who underwent endovascular therapy at the Department of Radioactive Intervention of Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital were retrospectively enrolled.

Recurrent undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver in adult patient treated by pembrolizumab: A case report.

Background: Undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a neoplasm that rarely develops in adults. The main treatments for UESL are upfront gross total surgical resection and adjuvant multiagent chemotherapy. Here, we report a case of recurrent UESL in an adult treated with pembrolizumab and discuss a method to identify proper candidates for antibody of programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) treatment.

Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2019 Edition).

Background: Primary liver cancer, around 90% are hepatocellular carcinoma in China, is the fourth most common malignancy and the second leading cause of tumor-related death, thereby posing a significant threat to the life and health of the Chinese people.

Summary: Since the publication of in 2018, additional high-quality evidence has emerged with relevance to the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of liver cancer in and outside China that requires the guidelines to be updated. The new edition was written by more than 70 experts in the field of liver cancer in China.

Adjuvant I-metuximab for hepatocellular carcinoma after liver resection: a randomised, controlled, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial.

Background: Effective adjuvant treatment after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an important area of research. Radioactive iodine (I)-labelled metuximab is a radiolabelled monoclonal antibody against the CD147 (also known as basigin or HAb18G) antigen that is expressed in HCC. We aimed to examine the role of I-metuximab as an adjuvant therapy after HCC resection.

Safety and efficacy of microwave ablation for periductal hepatocellular carcinoma with intraductal cooling of the central bile ducts through a percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage tube.

Background And Aims: Biliary thermal injury caused by microwave ablation (MWA) for a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) close to the central bile ducts always results in severe complications and leads to mortality. Some studies have demonstrated that intraductal cooling of the biliary tract with chilled saline during thermal ablation can successfully prevent these complications. In this study, we present a novel bile duct cooling technique through a percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) tube for preventing biliary thermal injury caused by MWA, and compare the feasibility and safety of the intraductal cooling technique when performed with a PTCD tube and with an endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) tube.

I reinforces antitumor activity of metuximab by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via VEGFR-2 signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma.

CD147 is highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and associated with the invasion and metastasis of HCC. The efficacy of I -metuximab (I -mab), a newly developed agent that targets CD147, as a radio-immunotherapy for local HCC, has been validated in clinical practice. However, the synergistic anticancer activity and molecular mechanism of different conjugated components within I -mab remain unclear.

Multidisciplinary management of hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus - Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital consensus statement.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) complicated by portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is associated with poor prognosis, early recurrence of HCC, and limited treatment options. Current guidelines do not have standardized diagnostic and treatment modalities, thus creating a need for a multidisciplinary treatment model for standardization of the treatment. Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgical Hospital (China) convened two working parties of experts from all the departments, to consolidate the current evidence, prevailing vision for the future, and experience of the practicing clinicians engaged in HCC management, so as to develop a consensus for PVTT diagnosis and treatment according to the GRADE system.

Small Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic Livers May Share Similar Enhancement Patterns at Multiphase Dynamic MR Imaging.

Purpose To assess the accuracy of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) in a cohort of patients with focal liver lesions and cirrhosis. Materials and Methods This study was institutional review board approved, and the requirement for informed consent was waived. Between January 2009 and December 2014, a cohort of cirrhotic patients, including 71 with ICC and 612 with HCC, underwent unenhanced T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging, gadolinium-based contrast material-enhanced dynamic phase imaging, and partial hepatectomy.

High leukocyte mtDNA content contributes to poor prognosis through ROS-mediated immunosuppression in hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Compelling epidemiological evidences indicate a significant association between leukocyte mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and incidence risk of several malignancies, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether leukocyte mtDNA content affect prognosis of HCC patients and underlying mechanism has never been explored. In our study, leukocyte mtDNA content was measured in 618 HCC patients and its prognostic value was analyzed.

Evolving Role of Radiopharmaceuticals in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment.

The global incidence of primary liver cancer has been increased during recent decades. Among the primary liver malignancies, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is recognized as the most prevalent and aggressive. Although HCC has come to be regarded as a radioresponsive tumor during the last decade, it has also been noted that the ability to deliver destructive radioactive doses exclusively to HCC is limited with conventional external irradiation techniques.

pERK/pAkt phenotyping in circulating tumor cells as a biomarker for sorafenib efficacy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, therapeutic response to sorafenib was not equal among HCC patients. Here we present a novel system to provide quantitative information concerning sorafenib-related targets by simultaneous detection of phosphorylated ERK (pERK) and pAkt expressions in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolated from HCC patients.

Genetic variants in de novo lipogenic pathway genes predict the prognosis of surgically-treated hepatocellular carcinoma.

Over-expression of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) pathway genes is associated with the prognosis of various types of cancers. However, effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes on recurrence and death of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after surgery are still unknown. A total of 492 primary HCC patients treated with surgery were included in this study.