Single and Dual Task Gait Speed in Frailty Screening of Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objective: This study compares dual task (DT) gait speed between robust and frail older adults in the setting of a community-based frailty screening program.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving older adults aged 50 years or older. Participants were categorized as robust, pre-frail or frail using the FRAIL phenotype.

The COVID-19 Pandemic's Effect on Preventive Imaging.

Introduction: This study assessed the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on preventive care imaging and potential disparities because preventive care may be perceived as nonurgent. The objective was to identify the associations between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in preventive imaging volumes for patients in general and as affected by race and ethnicities.

Methods: The authors performed a retrospective observational study by extracting the weekly volumes of all imaging studies between January 7, 2019 and May 1, 2022 from a radiology data warehouse at a tertiary care medical center (=92,105 preventive imaging studies and 3,493,063 total radiology imaging studies) and compared preshutdown with postshutdown periods using a 2-sample -test.

Botulinum toxin A injection for post-stroke upper limb spasticity and rehabilitation practices from centers across Asian countries.

Purpose: Describe real-life practice and outcomes in the management of post-stroke upper limb spasticity with botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) in Asian settings.

Methods: Subgroup analysis of a prospective, observational study (NCT01020500) of adult patients (≥18 years) with post-stroke upper limb spasticity presenting for routine spasticity management, including treatment with BoNT-A. The primary outcome was goal attainment as assessed using goal-attainment scaling (GAS).

Early identification of patients at risk for iron-deficiency anemia using deep learning techniques.

Objectives: Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common health problem worldwide, and up to 10% of adult patients with incidental IDA may have gastrointestinal cancer. A diagnosis of IDA can be established through a combination of laboratory tests, but it is often underrecognized until a patient becomes symptomatic. Based on advances in machine learning, we hypothesized that we could reduce the time to diagnosis by developing an IDA prediction model.

Understanding and Mitigating Bias in Imaging Artificial Intelligence.

Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are prone to bias at multiple stages of model development, with potential for exacerbating health disparities. However, bias in imaging AI is a complex topic that encompasses multiple coexisting definitions. may refer to unequal preference to a person or group owing to preexisting attitudes or beliefs, either intentional or unintentional.

Intrinsic capacity assessment using World Health Organization Integrated Care for Older People Step 1, and the association with frailty in community dwelling older adults.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the association between intrinsic capacity (IC) and frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Specifically, we examined the utility of the World Health Organization's Integrated Care for Older People Step 1 screen for identifying frail older persons in the community.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of a community frailty screening initiative.

Testicular Radiomics To Predict Pathology At Time of Postchemotherapy Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumor.

Introduction: Testicular germ cell tumors are the most common malignancy in young adult males. Patients with metastatic disease receive standard of care chemotherapy followed by retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for residual masses >1cm. However, there is a need for better preoperative tools to discern which patients will have persistent disease after chemotherapy given low rates of metastatic germ cell tumor after chemotherapy.

Effects of Exercise Interventions on Physical Performance and Activities of Daily Living in Oldest-Old and Frail Older Adults: A Review of the Literature.

This review examined and compared the effects of exercise interventions using portable exercise equipment on muscle strength, balance, and ability to perform activities of daily living in the oldest-old and frail. We also examined the differences in the intervention characteristics between these two groups. The CINAHL, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases were searched using specific text words and MeSH for randomized controlled trials published from 2000 to 2021, which involved exercise interventions for either oldest-old (≥75 yrs) or physically frail (reduced muscular strength, endurance, and physiological function) older adults.

Experiences of participating in a vocational rehabilitation program in Singapore.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to (i) describe the lived experiences of participating in a Singaporean vocational rehabilitation (VR) program among individuals with stroke and spinal cord injury and (ii) identify salient features of the program that facilitated their return-to-work process.

Materials And Methods: This was a qualitative phenomenological study. Participants were invited to complete an interview about their return-to-work process after acquiring a disability vis-à-vis their participation in a local VR program.

Negative and positive experiences of caregiving among family caregivers of older blunt trauma patients.

Objectives: Family caregivers play a fundamental role in the care of the older blunt trauma patient. We aim to identify risk factors for negative and positive experiences of caregiving among family caregivers.

Design: Prospective, nationwide, multi-center cohort study.

Performance of Multiple Pretrained BERT Models to Automate and Accelerate Data Annotation for Large Datasets.

Purpose: To develop and evaluate domain-specific and pretrained bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) models in a transfer learning task on varying training dataset sizes to annotate a larger overall dataset.

Materials And Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed 69 095 anonymized adult chest radiograph reports (reports dated April 2020-March 2021). From the overall cohort, 1004 reports were randomly selected and labeled for the presence or absence of each of the following devices: endotracheal tube (ETT), enterogastric tube (NGT, or Dobhoff tube), central venous catheter (CVC), and Swan-Ganz catheter (SGC).

Use of Web-Based Calculator for the Implementation of ACR TI-RADS Risk-Stratification System.

In this article, we demonstrate the use of a software-based radiologist reporting tool for the implementation of American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System thyroid nodule risk-stratification. The technical details are described with emphasis on addressing the information security and patient privacy issues while allowing it to integrate with the electronic health record and radiology reporting dictation software. Its practical implementation is assessed in a quality improvement project in which guideline adherence and recommendation congruence were measured pre and post implementation.

Health Services Use and Functional Recovery Following Blunt Trauma in Older Persons - A National Multicentre Prospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Frailty is associated with morbidity and mortality in older injured patients. However, for older blunt-trauma patients, increased frailty may not manifest in longer length of stay at index admission. We hypothesized that owing to time spent in hospital from readmissions, frailty would be associated with less total time at home in the 1-year postinjury period.

Burden of informal care in stroke survivors and its determinants: a prospective observational study in an Asian setting.

Background: Informal caregiving is an integral part of post-stroke recovery with strenuous caregiving demands often resulting in caregiving burden, threatening sustainability of caregiving and potentially impacting stroke survivor's outcomes. Our study aimed to examine and quantify objective and subjective informal care burden after stroke; and to explore the factors associated with informal care burden in Singapore.

Methods: Stroke patients and their informal caregivers were recruited from all five tertiary hospitals in Singapore from December 2010 to September 2013.

Deep Learning-Based COVID-19 Pneumonia Classification Using Chest CT Images: Model Generalizability.

Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, worldwide research efforts have focused on using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on various medical data of COVID-19-positive patients in order to identify or classify various aspects of the disease, with promising reported results. However, concerns have been raised over their generalizability, given the heterogeneous factors in training datasets. This study aims to examine the severity of this problem by evaluating deep learning (DL) classification models trained to identify COVID-19-positive patients on 3D computed tomography (CT) datasets from different countries.

Active Reprioritization of the Reading Worklist Using Artificial Intelligence Has a Beneficial Effect on the Turnaround Time for Interpretation of Head CT with Intracranial Hemorrhage.

Purpose: To determine how to optimize the delivery of machine learning techniques in a clinical setting to detect intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on non-contrast-enhanced CT images to radiologists to improve workflow.

Materials And Methods: In this study, a commercially available machine learning algorithm that flags abnormal noncontrast CT examinations for ICH was implemented in a busy academic neuroradiology practice between September 2017 and March 2019. The algorithm was introduced in three phases: as a "pop-up" widget on ancillary monitors, as a marked examination in reading worklists, and as a marked examination for reprioritization based on the presence of the flag.

Frailty and length of stay in older adults with blunt injury in a national multicentre prospective cohort study.

Background: Patients suffering moderate or severe injury after low falls have higher readmission and long-term mortality rates compared to patients injured by high-velocity mechanisms such as motor vehicle accidents. We hypothesize that this is due to higher pre-injury frailty in low-fall patients, and present baseline patient and frailty demographics of a prospective cohort of moderate and severely injured older patients. Our second hypothesis was that frailty was associated with longer length of stay (LOS) at index admission.

Role of caregiver factors in outpatient medical follow-up post-stroke: observational study in Singapore.

Background: Outpatient medical follow-up post-stroke is not only crucial for secondary prevention but is also associated with a reduced risk of rehospitalization. However, being voluntary and non-urgent, it is potentially determined by both healthcare needs and the socio-demographic context of stroke survivor-caregiver dyads. Therefore, we aimed to examine the role of caregiver factors in outpatient medical follow-up (primary care (PC) and specialist outpatient care (SOC)) post-stroke.

Stroke Rehabilitation Use and Caregiver Psychosocial Health Profiles in Singapore: A Latent Profile Transition Analysis.

Objectives: To identify and describe caregiver profiles based on their psychosocial health characteristics over a 12-month period and transitions among these profiles, to determine if stroke rehabilitation use at 12 months post-stroke differed by caregiver profile transition patterns, and to investigate if caregiver profiles at 3 months post-stroke moderate the association of stroke rehabilitation use at 3 months and 12 months post-stroke after accounting for covariates.

Design: Latent profile transition analysis of caregiver psychosocial health with stroke rehabilitation use at 12 month post-stroke as outcome.

Setting And Participants: A total of 149 stroke patient-caregiver dyads from the Singapore Stroke Study.

Study protocol: a pilot quasi-experimental trial of tele-rehabilitation and tele-drain care post-mastectomy.

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cancer affecting women in Singapore. Its survivors commonly experience decline in physical function and quality of life post-mastectomy, due to their upper limb morbidity and wound issues. Rehabilitation can address the aforementioned issues.

Performance on sit-to-stand tests in relation to measures of functional fitness and sarcopenia diagnosis in community-dwelling older adults.

Background: The sit-to-stand (STS) test has been deployed as surrogate measures of strength or physical performance in sarcopenia diagnosis. This study examines the relationship of two common STS variants - Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5TSTS) and 30 s Chair Stand Test (30CST) - with grip strength, muscle mass and functional measures, and their impact on sarcopenia prevalence in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of 887 community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years.