Seasonal and Temporal Ensemble Models for Accurate Near-Surface Air Temperature Estimation.

The near-surface air temperature (NSAT) is crucial for understanding thermal and urban environments. Traditional estimation methods using general remote sensing images often focus on the types of spatial data or machine learning models used, neglecting the importance of seasonal and temporal variations, limiting their accuracy. This study introduces a novel ensemble model that incorporates both seasonal and temporal information integrated with satellite-derived land surface temperature (LST) data to enhance NSAT estimation, along with a rigorous feature importance analysis to identify the most impactful parameters.

Psychometric properties of the Malay and Chinese Epilepsy Self-Stigma Scale (ESSS).

Objective: Self-stigma means internalizing negative beliefs and attitudes associated with stigmatized identity. This study aimed to translate and validate the Malay and Chinese versions of the Epilepsy Self-Stigma Scale (ESSS).

Methods: The Epilepsy Self-Stigma Scale was translated into the Malay (ESSS-M) and Chinese versions (ESSS-C) according to standard principles and were tested in 100 Malay and 100 Chinese-speaking people with epilepsy (PWE) respectively.

Association between insulin-associated gene polymorphisms and new-onset diabetes mellitus in statin-treated patients.

Background: While statins are effective at managing lipid levels, there is growing evidence for new-onset diabetes mellitus (NODM). The insulin signalling pathway (ISP) inhibited by statins is one of the potential mechanisms; however, most studies have been limited to in vitro settings. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the genetic associations within the ISP-related genes and NODM.

Physical development of infants born to patients with COVID-19 during pregnancy: 2 years of age.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and pandemic circumstances could negatively impact infant development. This study aimed to investigate the physical development, common pediatric illness incidence, and healthcare utilization over the first 2 years of life of infants born to COVID+ and COVID- patients. Comparisons were also made with infants born pre-pandemic.

Increased risk of adverse events among patients with vs. without systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease prescribed sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD) patients have been excluded from sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) trials given putative risks, but this risk magnitude is unknown. We aimed to quantify SGLT2i adverse event risks among patients with vs. without SARD.

A Randomized Controlled Trial on Teaching the Safe Handling of Firearms Using a Simulation-Based Assessment.

Introduction: Emergency providers risk encountering firearms in the emergency department, but a minority report familiarity with handling firearms. It may be unsafe if unfamiliar, untrained providers attempt to remove a firearm from the clinical care space. This study assessed the efficacy of an educational intervention training resident physicians in this task.

Immunophenotyping schizophrenia subtypes stratified by antipsychotic response.

Immune dysfunction has been proposed to play a role in the pathophysiology behind the development and persistence of psychosis. Current immunophenotyping studies are limited by small sample sizes and the number of immune markers investigated. Pharmacological subtypes in schizophrenia based on antipsychotic response have been proposed, but few studies have investigated immunophenotypes in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

T cells Instruct Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Resistance in Tumors Responsive to IL-1 and TNFα Inflammation.

Resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is common, even in tumors with T cell infiltration. We thus investigated consequences of ICI-induced T cell infiltration in the microenvironment of resistant tumors. T cells and neutrophil numbers increased in ICI-resistant tumors following treatment, in contrast to ICI-responsive tumors.

Association between treatment resistance and cognitive function in schizophrenia.

Introduction: Treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) affects around 30% of individuals with schizophrenia. About half of the patients with TRS who are treated with clozapine do not show a meaningful clinical response, that is, clozapine resistance. To date, the relationship between cognitive function and treatment response categories is not entirely clear.

Paraduodenal hernia with situs inversus abdominalis: A case report.

Introduction & Importance: Situs Inversus Abdominalis (SIA) & Paraduodenal Hernias (PDH) are extremely rare causes acute surgical emergencies among adults. We present a case of an adult patient with intestinal obstruction secondary to PDH through the fossa of Landzert with concurrent SIA.

Presentation Of Case: A thirteen-year-old Southeast Asian female with situs inversus abdominalis due to Kartagener syndrome presented with bowel obstruction.

MAP kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) within extracellular vesicles inhibits tumour growth by promoting anti-tumour immunity.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication in many physiologic processes and can modulate immune responses in individuals with cancer. Most studies of EVs in cancer have focused on their tumour promoting properties. Whether and how EVs might mediate tumour regression besides carrying antigens has not been well characterized.

Synthesis of novel composite material with spent coffee ground biochar and steel slag zeolite for enhanced dye and phosphate removal.

Rising concerns over water scarcity, driven by industrialization and urbanization, necessitate the need for innovative solutions for wastewater treatment. This study focuses on developing an eco-friendly and cost-effective biochar-zeolite composite (BZC) adsorbent using waste materials-spent coffee ground biochar (CGB) and steel slag zeolite (SSZ). Initially, the biochar was prepared from spent coffee ground, and zeolite was prepared from steel slag; their co-pyrolysis resulted in novel adsorbent material.

Cost-Related Medication Behaviors for Patients With and Without Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.

Objective: Medication nonadherence challenges the management of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). We investigated cost-related medication behaviors among patients with SARDs, and compared them to those of patients without SARDs, in a large diverse cohort across the United States.

Methods: As part of the All of Us (version 7), a nationwide diverse adult cohort with linked electronic health records begun in 2017, participants completed questionnaires concerning cost-related medication behaviors.

Predictors of functioning in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: the role of negative symptoms and neurocognition.

Introduction: Predictors of functioning are well-studied in schizophrenia, but much less so in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). In this study, we aim to investigate contributions of schizophrenia symptom domains and neurocognition to predict functioning in a TRS population (n = 146).

Methods: Participants were assessed on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), to calculate scores for five symptom factors (Positive, Negative, Cognitive, Depressive and Hostility) and two negative symptom constructs (Diminished Expressivity (DE), and Social Anhedonia (SA) as part of the Motivation and Pleasure-related dimension), based on a previously validated model, modified in accordance with EPA guidelines on negative symptoms assessment.

Obstructive sleep apnea and obesity: A review of epidemiology, pathophysiology and the effect of weight-loss treatments.

Despite the commonly-accepted paradigm that patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) also invariably have obesity, OSA prevalence extends beyond obesity. This necessitates a reevaluation of screening strategies, biomarkers of increased OSA risk, and heightened awareness among healthcare providers about the array of OSA treatments for diverse adult populations. While obesity contributes importantly to OSA pathogenesis, there is substantial evidence that non-anatomical factors also play a crucial role, especially in patients who do not have obesity.

Distinct dynamics and intrinsic properties in ventral tegmental area populations mediate reward association and motivation.

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons regulate reward-related associative learning and reward-driven motivated behaviors, but how these processes are coordinated by distinct VTA neuronal subpopulations remains unresolved. Here, we compare the contribution of two primarily dopaminergic and largely non-overlapping VTA subpopulations, all VTA dopamine neurons and VTA GABAergic neurons of the mouse midbrain, to these processes. We find that the dopamine subpopulation that projects to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core preferentially encodes reward-predictive cues and prediction errors.

Effects of Genetic Polymorphisms on the Weight-adjusted through Concentration of Sirolimus in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Sirolimus, one of the immunosuppressive drugs administered to renal transplant recipients, is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5. Accordingly, polymorphism is a genetic factor affecting sirolimus pharmacokinetics (PK). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between sirolimus PK and polymorphism.