Multilocus sequence typing methods for the emerging Campylobacter Species C. hyointestinalis, C. lanienae, C. sputorum, C. concisus, and C. curvus.

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) systems have been reported previously for multiple food- and food animal-associated Campylobacter species (e.g., C.

Colorless green ideas (can) prime furiously.

That similar words can prime one another is not news. However, this phenomenon can be exploited to make inferences about the organization of conceptual representations. What types of similarity matter? Although there is evidence that similarity of function, shape, and even manner of manipulation is reflected in semantic memory, evidence for organization on the basis of color similarity is sparse.

Scalar fluctuations from a point source in a turbulent boundary layer.

The downstream development of the concentration probability distribution along the mean-plume centerline of a dispersing plume in the wake of a ground-level continuous point source in a neutrally stratified wall-shear layer is studied. It is shown that the concentration distribution is well described by a family of one-parameter gamma distributions, as first suggested by Villermaux and Duplat [Phys. Rev.

Antimicrobial resistant gonorrhea in Atlanta: 1988-2006.

Gonococcal isolates (n = 4336) were collected from men with urethritis at the Fulton County STD Clinic between 1988 and 2006. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by agar dilution. Increasing numbers of isolates from men who have sex with men and with fluoroquinolone resistance were noted.

Mental illness: is there an association with cancer screening among women veterans?

Purpose: Mental illness may be a barrier to achieving timely and appropriate cancer screening. We evaluated the association of mental illness with receipt of and adherence to breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening among women Veterans.

Methods: The study population included all female Veterans ages 50 to 65 who obtained care at the New Mexico VA Health Care System continuously from fiscal years 2004 to 2006 (n = 606).

Scaling laws of peripheral mixing of passive scalar in a wall-shear layer.

The scaling laws governing the concentration moments of a passive scalar released from a ground-level localized source in a neutrally stratified wall-shear layer are investigated using a theoretical framework recently formulated by Lebedev and Turitsyn [Phys. Rev. E 69, 036301 (2004)].

Function follows form: activation of shape and function features during object identification.

Most theories of semantic memory characterize knowledge of a given object as comprising a set of semantic features. But how does conceptual activation of these features proceed during object identification? We present the results of a pair of experiments that demonstrate that object recognition is a dynamically unfolding process in which function follows form. We used eye movements to explore whether activating one object's concept leads to the activation of others that share perceptual (shape) or abstract (function) features.

Theories of spoken word recognition deficits in aphasia: evidence from eye-tracking and computational modeling.

We used eye-tracking to investigate lexical processing in aphasic participants by examining the fixation time course for rhyme (e.g., carrot-parrot) and cohort (e.

A system-based intervention to improve colorectal cancer screening uptake.

Objective: To determine whether mailing guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (gFOBTs) directly to patients who are due for colorectal cancer screening would achieve higher screening uptake than using visit-based screening.

Study Design: Comparative effectiveness analysis.

Methods: We used an electronic medical record to identify 7053 New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System patients aged 50 to 80 years who were due for screening in 2008.

Inference of emission rates from multiple sources using Bayesian probability theory.

The determination of atmospheric emission rates from multiple sources using inversion (regularized least-squares or best-fit technique) is known to be very susceptible to measurement and model errors in the problem, rendering the solution unusable. In this paper, a new perspective is offered for this problem: namely, it is argued that the problem should be addressed as one of inference rather than inversion. Towards this objective, Bayesian probability theory is used to estimate the emission rates from multiple sources.

Colorectal cancer screening adherence is higher with fecal immunochemical tests than guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests: a randomized, controlled trial.

Objectives: Determine whether colorectal cancer screening adherence is greater with fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) or guaiac-based fecal occult blood tests (gFOBT).

Methods: We used electronic health records to identify 3869 New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System primary care patients due for screening in 2008 for whom fecal blood testing was appropriate. We invited randomly selected patients by mail to participate in a study comparing FIT and gFOBT.

Rapid identification of protein biomarkers of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and top-down proteomics.

Six protein biomarkers from two strains of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and one non-O157:H7, nonpathogenic strain of E. coli have been identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS/MS) and top-down proteomics. Proteins were extracted from bacterial cell lysates, ionized by MALDI, and analyzed by MS/MS.

Impaired access to manipulation features in Apraxia: evidence from eyetracking and semantic judgment tasks.

Apraxic patients are known for deficits in producing and comprehending skilled movements. Two experiments tested their implicit and explicit knowledge about manipulable objects in order to examine whether such deficits accompany impairment in the conceptual representation of manipulation features. An eyetracking method was used to test implicit knowledge (Experiment 1): participants viewed a visual display on a computer screen and touched the corresponding object in response to an auditory input.

fMRI-adaptation evidence of overlapping neural representations for objects related in function or manipulation.

Sensorimotor-based theories of semantic memory contend that semantic information about an object is represented in the neural substrate invoked when we perceive or interact with it. We used fMRI adaptation to test this prediction, measuring brain activation as participants read pairs of words. Pairs shared function (flashlight-lantern), shape (marble-grape), both (pencil-pen), were unrelated (saucer-needle), or were identical (drill-drill).

Combining women's preferences and expert advice to design a tailored smoking cessation program.

We designed a patient-centered smoking cessation program for women in 2004/2005, incorporating women's preferences and expert opinion. Our four-step process included: (1) concept-development focus groups; (2) an expert panel; (3) concept-testing focus groups, and (4) a pilot study. Data analyses occurred in 2004-2007.

Importance and challenges of accurately counting rotavirus deaths in China, 2002.

Rotavirus mortality is an important component of the total burden of rotavirus disease for children under 5 years old, but accurate estimation is difficult for many developing countries. Here we applied a more direct method to improve estimates of rotavirus mortality in China using 2002 Chinese-specific data. Results indicate that in 2002, approximately 13,400 children under 5 years old in China died from rotavirus and 70% of these deaths occur in rural areas.

Looking for meaning: eye movements are sensitive to overlapping semantic features, not association.

Theories of semantic memory differ in the extent to which relationships among concepts are captured via associative or via semantic relatedness. We examined the contributions of these two factors, using a visual world paradigm in which participants selected the named object from a four-picture display. We controlled for semantic relatedness while manipulating associative strength by using the visual world paradigm's analogue to presenting asymmetrically associated pairs in either their forward or backward associative direction (e.

First multi-locus sequence typing scheme for Arcobacter spp.

Background: Arcobacter spp. are a common contaminant of food and water, and some species, primarily A. butzleri and A.

Impact of duplicate gene copies on phylogenetic analysis and divergence time estimates in butterflies.

Background: The increase in availability of genomic sequences for a wide range of organisms has revealed gene duplication to be a relatively common event. Encounters with duplicate gene copies have consequently become almost inevitable in the context of collecting gene sequences for inferring species trees. Here we examine the effect of incorporating duplicate gene copies evolving at different rates on tree reconstruction and time estimation of recent and deep divergences in butterflies.

Burden of rotavirus disease among children visiting pediatric emergency departments in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Oakland, California, in 1999-2000.

Objective: We assessed the incidence of rotavirus disease requiring an emergency department visit among children <5 years of age.

Methods: We conducted active surveillance for acute gastroenteritis in pediatric emergency departments in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Oakland, California, from March 1999 to May 2000, among children 2 weeks to 59 months of age with acute diarrhea and/or vomiting. We obtained clinical and demographic information from participants and tested their stool specimens for rotavirus.

Optimum diagnostic assay and clinical specimen for routine rotavirus surveillance.

Rates of detection of rotavirus were compared by diagnostic assay and specimen type. For bulk stools, rates of detection by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were similar, but 18% of healthy controls tested positive by RT-PCR. Testing of bulk stools by EIA appears to be optimum for rotavirus surveillance.

Lexical-semantic activation in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia: evidence from eye movements.

Lexical processing requires both activating stored representations and selecting among active candidates. The current work uses an eye-tracking paradigm to conduct a detailed temporal investigation of lexical processing. Patients with Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia are studied to shed light on the roles of anterior and posterior brain regions in lexical processing as well as the effects of lexical competition on such processing.

Composite sequence proteomic analysis of protein biomarkers of Campylobacter coli, C. lari and C. concisus for bacterial identification.

Protein biomarkers observed in the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectra (MALDI-TOF-MS) of cell lysates of three strains of Campylobacter coli, two strains of C. lari and one strain of C. concisus have been identified by 'bottom-up' proteomic techniques.