Minimally invasive surfactant therapy intubation for surfactant delivery in preterm infant with RDS: evaluation of safety and efficacy.

Background: Minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) is a promising mode of administration that offers the potential to limit barotrauma and prevent lung injury in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS).

Objective: This study assessed the effects of the implementation of MIST on safety and efficacy in infants who met criteria for surfactant administration and were treated by MIST as compared with a historical control group treated with surfactant an endotracheal tube during mechanical ventilation.

Methods: This retrospective study included infants born between 2012 and 2017 who met the following inclusion criteria: gestational age 23-36 + 6 weeks, a diagnosis of RDS requiring at least 30% oxygen with or without nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP).