Hemoglobin Binding to the Red Blood Cell (RBC) Membrane Is Associated with Decreased Cell Deformability.

The deformability of red blood cells (RBCs), expressing their ability to change their shape as a function of flow-induced shear stress, allows them to optimize oxygen delivery to the tissues and minimize their resistance to flow, especially in microcirculation. During physiological aging and blood storage, or under external stimulations, RBCs undergo metabolic and structural alterations, one of which is hemoglobin (Hb) redistribution between the cytosol and the membrane. Consequently, part of the Hb may attach to the cell membrane, and although this process is reversible, the increase in membrane-bound Hb (MBHb) can affect the cell's mechanical properties and deformability in particular.

Red Blood Cell Deformability Is Expressed by a Set of Interrelated Membrane Proteins.

Red blood cell (RBC) deformability, expressing their ability to change their shape, allows them to minimize their resistance to flow and optimize oxygen delivery to the tissues. RBC with reduced deformability may lead to increased vascular resistance, capillary occlusion, and impaired perfusion and oxygen delivery. A reduction in deformability, as occurs during RBC physiological aging and under blood storage, is implicated in the pathophysiology of diverse conditions with circulatory disorders and anemias.

Hemolytic Activity of Nanoparticles as a Marker of Their Hemocompatibility.

The potential use of nanomaterials in medicine offers opportunities for novel therapeutic approaches to treating complex disorders. For that reason, a new branch of science, named nanotoxicology, which aims to study the dangerous effects of nanomaterials on human health and on the environment, has recently emerged. However, the toxicity and risk associated with nanomaterials are unclear or not completely understood.

Determination of red blood cell adhesion to vascular endothelial cells: A critical role for blood plasma.

Red blood cell (RBC) adhesion to vascular endothelial cells (EC) is considered a potent effector of circulatory disorders, and its enhancement is implicated in the pathophysiology of numerous conditions, mainly hemoglobinopathies. The actual RBC/EC interaction is determined by both cellular and plasmatic factors, and the differentiation between them is essential for understanding its physiological implications. Yet, RBC/EC adhesion has been studied predominantly in protein-free media.

Deformability of cord blood vs. newborns' red blood cells: implication for blood transfusion.

Aim: About 50% of premature neonates (PN) are treated with transfusion of packed red blood cells (PRBC) collected from adult donors, which has been suggested to potentially provoke PN pathologies, characterized as blood circulation disorders. RBC have properties that are key determinants of blood circulation, primarily the cell deformability. In previous studies we have shown that transfusion of RBC with reduced deformability impaired the transfusion outcome.

Inter-donor variability in deformability of red blood cells in blood units.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the donor-to-donor variability in the deformability of red blood cells (RBCs) from freshly collected blood donations (F-RBC) and packed RBCs.

Background: Packed RBCs are supplied for transfusion by the first-in-first-out (FIFO) criterion, assuming that their quality is the same for packed RBCs with equal storage duration. To challenge this notion, we determined the deformability of F-RBC and packed RBCs stored for different durations.

Unit-to-unit variability in the deformability of red blood cells.

Background: In blood banking practice, the storage duration is used as the primary criterion for inventory management, and usually, the packed red blood cells (PRBC) units are supplied primarily according to first-in-first-out (FIFO) principle. However, the actual functionality of individual PRBC units is mostly ignored. One of the main features of the RBCs not accounted for under this approach is the deformability of the red cells, i.

Reduced deformability of stored red blood cells is associated with generation of extracellular vesicles.

Throughout storage, red blood cells (RBCs) undergo detrimental changes in viability and their ability to effectively transport oxygen. RBC storage lesions are mediated, in part, by a progressive loss of cell deformability, and associated with the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Accumulation of EVs during the storage of RBCs correlates with a decrease in RBC surface area to volume ratio.

Non-oxidative band-3 clustering agents cause the externalization of phosphatidylserine on erythrocyte surfaces by a calcium-independent mechanism.

Aging of red blood cells (RBCs) is associated with alteration in a wide range of RBC features, occurring each on its own timescale. A number of these changes are interrelated and initiate a cascade of biochemical and structural transformations, including band-3 clustering and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. Using specific band-3 clustering agents (acridine orange (AO) and ZnCl), we examined whether treatment of RBCs with these agents may affects PS externalization and whether this process is Ca-dependent.

Preparation of packed red blood cell units in the blood bank: Alteration in red blood cell deformability.

Background: Donated blood is stored in the blood bank as packed red blood cell units. In the process of packed cells preparation, the red blood cells (RBCs) are subjectedto high level of shear stress, which can induce alterations in their properties. In the present study, we examined the effect of packed RBCs preparation (which included leuko-filtration) on red cell deformability.

Phototherapy decreases red blood cell deformability in patients with psoriasis.

Background: Alternations in erythrocyte deformability (ED), namley, the ability of erythrocytes to change shape under flow in the microcirculation, can contribute to cardiovascular diseases. Psoriasis, a systemic inflammatory skin disorder, is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The effect of psoriasis and psoriasis treatment on ED was only scarcely evaluated.

Hemodynamic Functionality of Transfused Red Blood Cells in the Microcirculation of Blood Recipients.

The primary goal of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion is to supply oxygen to tissues and organs. However, due to a growing number of studies that have reported negative transfusion outcomes, including reduced blood perfusion, there is rising concern about the risks in blood transfusion. RBC are characterized by unique flow-affecting properties, specifically adherence to blood vessel wall endothelium, cell deformability, and self-aggregability, which define their hemodynamic functionality (HF), namely their potential to affect blood circulation.

Biophysical and Biochemical Markers of Red Blood Cell Fragility.

Background: Red blood cells (RBCs) undergo a natural aging process occurring in the blood circulation throughout the RBC lifespan or during routine cold storage in the blood bank. The aging of RBCs is associated with the elevation of mechanical fragility (MF) or osmotic fragility (OF) of RBCs, which can lead to cell lysis. The present study was undertaken to identify RBC properties that characterize their susceptibility to destruction under osmotic/mechanical stress.

The dielectric spectroscopy of human red blood cells: the differentiation of old from fresh cells.

Objective: The objective of the study was to gauge the effect of storage lesions on the dielectric response of red blood cells (RBC), in particular those processes linked to deformations of the cellular membrane known as the β-dispersion.

Approach: The dielectric response of RBC suspensions, exposed to blood-bank cold storage, was studied using time-domain dielectric spectroscopy (TDDS) in the frequency range of 500 kHz up to 1 GHz. The measured dielectric processes are characterized by their dielectric strength (Δε) and relaxation time (τ).

Dielectric Response of Cytoplasmic Water and Its Connection to the Vitality of Human Red Blood Cells. II. The Influence of Storage.

Maintaining an appropriate inventory of packaged blood products is a critical part of modern medicine. Consequently, the assessment of red blood cell (RBC) functionality is instrumental for the monitoring of the quality of stored RBC (sRBC) in the blood bank. We present a comprehensive study of sRBC lesion kinetics in SAGM (saline, adenine, glucose, mannitol) solution, using microwave dielectric spectroscopy (0.

Phospholipase D messenger RNA expression and clinical role in high-grade serous carcinoma.

The objective of this study was to analyze the expression and clinical role of phospholipase D (PLD) in high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). PLD1 and PLD2 isoform expression was studied in 125 HGSC specimens (73 effusions, 28 ovarian tumors, 24 solid metastases) using quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Expression levels were analyzed for association with clinicopathological parameters, including chemoresponse, and survival.

Erythrocyte survival is controlled by microRNA-142.

Hematopoietic-specific microRNA-142 is a critical regulator of various blood cell lineages, but its role in erythrocytes is unexplored. Herein, we characterize the impact of microRNA-142 on erythrocyte physiology and molecular cell biology, using a mouse loss-of-function allele. We report that microRNA-142 is required for maintaining the typical erythrocyte biconcave shape and structural resilience, for the normal metabolism of reactive oxygen species, and for overall lifespan.

Deformability of transfused red blood cells is a potent determinant of transfusion-induced change in recipient's blood flow.

Objective: There is a growing concern regarding the risks in the transfusion of PRBC, as numerous studies have reported negative transfusion outcomes, including reduced blood perfusion. In search of this phenomenon's mechanism, the effect of PRBC deformability, a major determinant of blood flow, on transfusion outcome was explored.

Methods: The effect of PRBC deformability was examined by the transfusion-induced change in recipients' ∆SBF, in β-TM patients, who are routinely treated with lifelong frequent transfusions.

Polystyrene Nanoparticles Activate Erythrocyte Aggregation and Adhesion to Endothelial Cells.

Nanoparticles (NPs) are drawing an increasing clinical interest because of their potential use as drug carriers. Recently, a new strategy for elevation of NPs in vivo circulation time has been proposed, specifically, utilizing red blood cells (RBCs) as a carrier for NPs, that are loaded with a drug, by interaction (in vitro) of human RBCs with NPs (RBCNP). This class of delivery set-up, combines advantages of natural RBCs and synthetic biomaterials.

Phospholipase A2-dependent release of inflammatory cytokines by superantigen-stimulated nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory/allergic disease with unclear pathophysiology, but it has been linked to an imbalance in the production of eicosanoids, which are metabolites of arachidonic acid, and results from phospholipids hydrolysis by phospholipase A2 (PLA2). As of yet, the role of PLA2 in CRS has hardly been studied, except for a report that group II PLA2 expression is elevated in interleukin (IL) 1β or tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated CRS nasal tissues with and without polyps. The PLA2 families include extracellular (secretory) and intracellular isoforms, which are involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes in different ways.

Diabetic foot disease is associated with reduced erythrocyte deformability.

The pathogenesis of diabetic foot disease is multifactorial and encompasses microvascular and macrovascular pathologies. Abnormal blood rheology may also play a part in its development. Using a cell flow analyser (CFA), we examined the association between erythrocyte deformability and diabetic foot disease.