Consecutive ovarian stimulation is beneficial in patients with a poor response to high-dose follicle-stimulating hormone.

Objective: To investigate if an immediate additional IVF-ET cycle bear an advantage to patients with poor ovarian response in comparison to a cycle performed at some delay.

Methods: A cohort study including 632 patients who underwent a fresh IVF-ET cycle with high-dose (≥300 IU/d) FSH stimulation that yielded ≤4 oocytes and did not achieve a clinical pregnancy. All underwent a second stimulation and oocyte pick-up (OPU), either consecutively or separately within 180 days (nonconsecutive OPU).

The entire range of trigger-day endometrial thickness in fresh IVF cycles is independently correlated with live birth rate.

Research Question: What is the association of the entire range of trigger-day endometrial thickness (EMT) with live birth rate (LBR) after IVF and fresh embryo transfer? Although EMT is amenable to convenient non-invasive routine measurement, studies of the association between pre-trigger EMT and assisted reproductive technology outcome have yielded equivocal results.

Design: A cohort of IVF fresh day-3 embryo transfers in patients aged 42 years and younger in a single centre between 2009 and 2017. The LBR was calculated for all trigger-day EMT values, stratified into five groups overall and within subgroups of patient age and ovarian response.

Use of Aromatase Inhibitors in IVF for Fertility Preservation of Non-Breast Cancer Patients: A Case Series.

Background: Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) followed by oocyte retrieval is a leading option for fertility preservation before chemotherapy, yet this procedure causes excessive serum levels of estradiol (E2), which are often detrimental for cancer patients. Aromatase inhibitors are often used in breast cancer patients during COH to prevent elevated levels of E2.

Objectives: To describe our experience with COH for oocyte cryopreservation in non-breast cancer patients using aromatase inhibitors.

Short-term exposure of human ovarian follicles to cyclophosphamide metabolites seems to promote follicular activation in vitro.

How chemotherapy affects dormant ovarian primordial follicles is unclear. The 'burnout' theory, studied only in mice, suggests cyclophosphamide enhances primordial follicle activation. Using 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4hc) and phosphoramide mustard (PM), this study assessed how the active cyclophosphamide metabolites 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4-OHC) and PM, affect human primordial follicles.

Why do couples discontinue unlimited free IVF treatments?

Worldwide, IVF is often discontinued before a live birth is achieved due to high costs. Even when partial financial coverage is provided, often medical providers advise treatment discontinuation. In Israel, unlimited IVF is offered free of charge for a couples' first two children.

Spontaneous conceptions following successful ART are not associated with premature referral.

Study Question: What is the rate of spontaneous live births after successful IVF treatment in a cost-free environment, and were couples who achieved a spontaneous live birth referred prematurely?

Summary Answer: Despite unlimited IVF treatments offered free of charge, the spontaneous live birth rate following successful IVF remained unchanged compared with that cited in previous literature. Couples were not referred prematurely to IVF before fully utilizing other less invasive treatments.

What Is Known Already: A significant number of infertile couples, who achieve their first live birth through assisted reproductive technology (ART), subsequently achieve a second live birth spontaneously.

Couples offered free assisted reproduction treatment have a very high chance of achieving a live birth within 4 years.

Objective: To assess the long-term success rate among couples with primary infertility offered unrestricted, free in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments.

Design: Historical prospective cohort study.

Setting: University-based tertiary medical center with unlimited coverage of IVF for couples' first two children.