Drying methods of duck blood: Changes in volatile components and physicochemical properties.

This study investigated the physicochemical properties and volatile components of duck blood powder to determine its quality characteristics based on drying methods. The drying methods of duck blood samples used were freeze drying (FD), hot air drying (HD), spray drying (SD), and vacuum drying (VD). Duck blood powder treated with HD presented the lowest lightness and the highest carbonyl content.

Enhancing emulsion, texture, rheological and sensory properties of plant-based meat analogs with green tea extracts.

Plant-based meat analogs require improvements in taste and texture to better replicate traditional meat. L-theanine and tannin, abundant in green tea, influence food taste and physicochemical properties. This study evaluated the quality characteristics of green tea extract (GE)-supplemented plant-based patties (PP) and the mechanisms affecting taste and texture.

Quality Characteristics of Meat Analogs through the Incorporation of Textured Vegetable Protein and Larvae in the Presence of Transglutaminase.

Alternative protein sources with greater nutritional value and a lower environmental footprint have recently attracted interest in the production of meat substitutes. However, it is required that these alternatives mimic the texture and structure of meat. This study investigated varying ratios of textured vegetable proteins (TVP) to larvae (brown mealworm; TM) with the addition of transglutaminase (TG) to determine the quality characteristics of these emulsions.

The Effect of Irradiation on Meat Products.

The effects of irradiation on meat constituents including water, proteins, and lipids are multifaceted. Irradiation leads to the decomposition of water molecules, resulting in the formation of free radicals that can have both positive and negative effects on meat quality and storage. Although irradiation reduces the number of microorganisms and extends the shelf life of meat by damaging microbial DNA and cell membranes, it can also accelerate the oxidation of lipids and proteins, particularly sulfur-containing amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids.

Variation of volatile compounds and sensory profile for Protaetia brevitarsis larvae fermented with lactic acid bacteria and yeast.

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the composition of volatile compounds, consumer acceptance, and drivers of (dis)liking of Protaetia brevitarsis larvae fermented using lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Volatile compounds were analyzed using HS-SPME-Arrow-GC-MS, and a sensory evaluation was conducted with 72 consumers. A total of 113 volatile compounds were detected, and principal component analysis indicated that the samples could be divided into three groups.

Effects of myofibril-palatinose conjugate as a phosphate substitute on meat emulsion quality.

The objective of this study was to investigate a replacement for phosphate in meat products. Protein structural modification was employed in this study, and grafted myofibrillar protein (MP) with palatinose was added to meat emulsion without phosphate. Here, 0.

Effects of Natural Extract Mixtures on the Quality Characteristics of Sausages during Refrigerated Storage.

Owing to the residual toxicity and adverse health effects of chemical preservatives, there is an increasing demand for using natural preservatives in food. Although many natural extracts have been evaluated, research on their antibacterial effects remains insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the possibility of developing , , and (Makino) Miyabe & Takeda extracts as natural food preservatives.

Effects of konjac glucomannan as a freeze-denaturation inhibitor or binder on the physiochemical properties of heat-induced gel of freeze-dried duck blood.

During freeze-drying, the degradation or eutectic melting of duck blood proteins can reduce the quality of duck blood gels. However, the interaction between proteins and polysaccharides during drying can improve protein-based gel quality. Therefore, here, we investigated the physicochemical properties of heat-induced gels of freeze-dried duck blood (FDB) and FDB with different proportions of the polysaccharide konjac glucomannan (KG), which serves as a freeze-denaturation inhibitor agent (FDA) or binder (BG).

Effect of ethanol treatment on the structural, techno-functional, and antioxidant properties of edible insect protein obtained from Tenebrio molitor larvae.

Edible insect-derived proteins have attracted considerable attention in the food industry owing to their excellent nutritional and bio-functional activities. Herein, ethanol (20, 40, 60, and 80 %)-treated Tenebrio molitor protein (ETMP) was prepared, and its structural, techno-functional, and antioxidant properties were assessed. As the ethanol concentration increased, the molecular weight of the ETMP decreased, and α-helix content decreased whereas that of β-sheet increased, affecting the secondary structure.

Comparative Evaluation of Polysaccharide Binders on the Quality Characteristics of Plant-Based Patties.

Polysaccharides have been used in the production of plant-based meat analogs to replicate the texture of real meat. However, there has been no study that comprehensively compares the effects of different polysaccharides, and a limited number of polysaccharides have been evaluated. Thus, we aimed to identify the most suitable polysaccharide and concentration for plant-based patties.

Effect of gamma-ray and electron-beam irradiation on the structural changes and functional properties of edible insect proteins from Protaetia brevitarsis larvae.

Edible insects are regarded as future food sources to replace traditional livestock proteins. However, insect proteins have poor processing properties owing to various structural limitations. We investigated the structure of Protaetia brevitarsis larvae proteins modified by irradiation, and analyzed their resulting processing abilities.

Absolutely Relative: How Education Shapes Voter Turnout in the United States.

Why has voter turnout in the United States not increased proportionally with educational attainment over time? Relative education theories have attempted to answer this question by highlighting how the value of individuals' education may be influenced by the educational levels achieved by others. For instance, individuals may attain a higher level of education compared to previous generations, but the relative value of their education may not improve if society as a whole also achieves higher levels of education. Thus, this increased educational attainment may have little influence on voter turnout.

Inhibitory effect of natural extract mixtures on microbial growth and lipid oxidation of sausages during storage.

Large amounts of additives are used during meat product processing to maintain product quality and shelf life. With the growing interest in healthy foods, natural plant-based additives are being used as alternatives to synthetic additives. In this study, six types of natural extracts with excellent antibacterial activity were selected, and their antibacterial and antioxidant activities against four types of pathogens were evaluated in various combinations.

The Function of Memory CD8+ T Cells in Immunotherapy for Human Diseases.

Memory T (Tm) cells protect against Ags that they have previously contacted with a fast and robust response. Therefore, developing long-lived Tm cells is a prime goal for many vaccines and therapies to treat human diseases. The remarkable characteristics of Tm cells have led scientists and clinicians to devise methods to make Tm cells more useful.

The Effect of Gelatin Coating and Sonication on the Quality Properties of Wet-Aging Pork Loins.

In this study, we evaluate the effect of gelatin coating and sonication of wet-aged pork loin on quality. The moisture content of wet-aged pork loin with sonication and gelatin coating was the highest in the G5S sample (5% gelatin coating and sonication), while the moisture content of wet-aged pork loin with sonication was higher than that without sonication. The pH of wet-aged pork loin with sonication was lower than that without sonication.

Apoptosis-Inducing Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids-Rich Fermented Pistachio Milk in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells.

Pistachio milk (PM), an extraction product of pistachio, is protein- and fat-dense food. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are known for inducing cytotoxicity and apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells. This study aimed to find an optimal combination of probiotics that can produce a higher amount of SCFAs in PM.

Effect of Grafted Insect Protein with Palatinose on Quality Properties of Phosphate-Free Meat Emulsion.

Due to concerns about the negative effects of phosphate on human health, the development of phosphate substitutes is an active area of research. Among the various methods, the structural modification of proteins has previously been established. In this study, we used grafting technology.

Development of β-Cyclodextrin/Konjac-Based Emulsion Gel for a Pork Backfat Substitute in Emulsion-Type Sausage.

Emulsion gel has been used to replace animal fats in meat products. Konjac is a widely used gelling agent; however, its low emulsion stability limits its use in meat products. This study aimed to examine the quality characteristics of β-cyclodextrin (CD)-supplemented konjac-based emulsion gel (KEG) (CD-KEG) and its application as a fat substitute in emulsion-type sausages.

DIX domain containing 1 (DIXDC1) modulates VEGFR2 level in vasculatures to regulate embryonic and postnatal retina angiogenesis.

Background: In sprouting angiogenesis, VEGFR2 level is regulated via a fine-tuned process involving various signaling pathways. Other than VEGF/VEGFR2 signaling pathway, Wnt/ β-catenin signaling is also important in vascular development. However, the crosstalk between these two signaling pathways is still unknown to date.

Tebuconazole Fungicide Induces Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells.

Tebuconazole (TEB), a triazole fungicide, is frequently applied to agriculture for the increase of food production. Although TEB causes liver toxicity, its effects on cellular lipid accumulation are rarely investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to study the effects of TEB on lipid metabolism and accumulation in HepG2 cells.

CU06-1004 (endothelial dysfunction blocker) ameliorates astrocyte end-feet swelling by stabilizing endothelial cell junctions in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Cerebral ischemia, or stroke, is widespread leading cause of death and disability. Surgical and pharmacological interventions that recover blood flow are the most effective treatment strategies for stroke patients. However, restoring the blood supply is accompanied by severe reperfusion injury, with edema and astrocyte end-feet disruption.