Empowering Self-Management for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Human-Centered Design Study of Spanish- and Cantonese-Preferring Patients in the United States.

Introduction: Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is a leading cause of disability with disproportionately high impacts on marginalized populations, including non-English-preferring patients. These patients face significant barriers to accessing care and adhering to self-management strategies due to language barriers, socioeconomic challenges, and cultural differences. Despite the emphasis on self-management for cLBP, limited research has focused on understanding the specific needs and preferences of Spanish- and Cantonese-preferring patients.

Detectability of a poison frog and its Batesian mimic depends on body posture and viewing angle.

Aposematic signals warn predators that prey should be avoided due to dangerous secondary defences. However, as warning signals do not always produce avoidance, warning colors may evolve as a trade-off balancing detectability against signal saliency. For Batesian mimics, which display salient signals but lack secondary defenses, the costs of predator encounters are greater, potentially increasing the benefit of crypsis.

Imperfections in transparency and mimicry do not increase predation risk for clearwing butterflies with educated predators.

Transparency is an intuitive form of concealment and, in certain butterflies, transparent patches on the wings can contribute to several distinct forms of camouflage. However, perhaps paradoxically, the largely transparent wings of many clearwing butterflies (Ithomiini, Nymphalidae) also feature opaque, and often colorful, elements which may reduce crypsis. In many instances, these elements may facilitate aposematic signaling, but little is known of how transparency and aposematism may interact.

Neotropics as a Cradle for Adaptive Radiations.

Neotropical ecosystems are renowned for numerous examples of adaptive radiation in both plants and animals resulting in high levels of biodiversity and endemism. However, we still lack a comprehensive review of the abiotic and biotic factors that contribute to these adaptive radiations. To fill this gap, we delve into the geological history of the region, including the role of tectonic events such as the Andean uplift, the formation of the Isthmus of Panama, and the emergence of the Guiana and Brazilian Shields.

Learning from data in dentistry: Summary of the third annual OpenWide conference.

The overarching goal of the third scientific oral health symposium was to introduce the concept of a learning health system to the dental community and to identify and discuss cutting-edge research and strategies using data for improving the quality of dental care and patient safety. Conference participants included clinically active dentists, dental researchers, quality improvement experts, informaticians, insurers, EHR vendors/developers, and members of dental professional organizations and dental service organizations. This report summarizes the main outputs of the third annual OpenWide conference held in Houston, Texas, on October 12, 2022, as an affiliated meeting of the American Dental Association (ADA) 2022 annual conference.

Phage therapy: resurrecting a historical solution for the contemporary challenge of rising antibiotic resistance in Latin America.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance in Latin America is a growing concern in both human and non-human animal populations. The economic burden that is likely to be imposed through increased resistance will cause further strains on public health systems and the population at large.

Areas Covered: We propose the rapid adoption and implementation of phage therapy as a necessary addition to the medical arsenal to help mitigate antimicrobial resistance, with an emphasis on considering the potential benefits that highly biodiverse countries such as Ecuador may have on phage discovery.

The evolution and ecology of multiple antipredator defences.

Prey seldom rely on a single type of antipredator defence, often using multiple defences to avoid predation. In many cases, selection in different contexts may favour the evolution of multiple defences in a prey. However, a prey may use multiple defences to protect itself during a single predator encounter.

An 11-year epidemiological analysis of schistosomiasis in Ecuador: Investigating a non-endemic, neglected, and challenging-to-identify parasitic disease.

Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease caused by parasites of the genus and transmitted by snails of the genus . At least five species have the potential to infect humans living in or visiting tropical areas worldwide. In Latin America, is particularly common; however, it has not been reported in Ecuador.

Aerosol Particle Size Influences the Infectious Dose and Disease Severity in a Golden Syrian Hamster Model of Inhalational COVID-19.

Significant evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted via respiratory aerosols, which are known to vary as a function of respiratory activity. Most animal models examine disease presentation following inhalation of small-particle aerosols similar to those generated during quiet breathing or speaking. However, despite evidence that particle size can influence dose-infectivity relationships and disease presentation for other microorganisms, no studies have examined the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 contained in larger particle aerosols similar to those produced during coughing, singing, or talking.

Dual-site catalysts featuring platinum-group-metal atoms on copper shapes boost hydrocarbon formations in electrocatalytic CO reduction.

Copper-based catalyst is uniquely positioned to catalyze the hydrocarbon formations through electrochemical CO reduction. The catalyst design freedom is limited for alloying copper with H-affinitive elements represented by platinum group metals because the latter would easily drive the hydrogen evolution reaction to override CO reduction. We report an adept design of anchoring atomically dispersed platinum group metal species on both polycrystalline and shape-controlled Cu catalysts, which now promote targeted CO reduction reaction while frustrating the undesired hydrogen evolution reaction.

Patient Perceptions of e-Visits: Qualitative Study of Older Adults to Inform Health System Implementation.

Background: Electronic visits (e-visits) are billable, asynchronous patient-initiated messages that require at least five minutes of medical decision-making by a provider. Unequal use of patient portal tools like e-visits by certain patient populations may worsen health disparities. To date, no study has attempted to qualitatively assess perceptions of e-visits in older adults.

Outcomes of multifarious selection on the evolution of visual signals.

Multifarious sources of selection shape visual signals and can produce phenotypic divergence. Theory predicts that variance in warning signals should be minimal due to purifying selection, yet polymorphism is abundant. While in some instances divergent signals can evolve into discrete morphs, continuously variable phenotypes are also encountered in natural populations.

Selection and Admixture in a Polytypic Aposematic Frog.

AbstractPhenotypic differentiation within polytypic species is often attributed to selection, particularly when selection might be acting on a trait that serves as a signal for predator avoidance and mate choice. We evaluated this hypothesis by examining phenotypic and genotypic clines between populations of the strawberry poison frog , a polytypic species that exhibits aposematic color pattern variation that is thought to be subject to both natural and sexual selection. Our aim was to assess the extent of admixture and to estimate the strength of selection acting on coloration across a region of Panama where monomorphic populations of distinctly colored frogs are separated by polymorphic populations containing both color variants alongside intermediately colored individuals.

Web-Based Mind-Body Tactical Resilience Training Program for First Responders: Pre-Post Study Assessing Feasibility, Acceptability, and Usability.

Background: First responders report elevated rates of mental disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet many are reluctant to seek care. Preventative resilience training programs attempt to proactively address this issue, and there is evidence showing promise for programs targeting cognitive processes. However, these programs rarely address the physical health conditions associated with PTSD.

False Contraindications for Vaccinations Result in Sub-Optimal Vaccination Coverage in Quito, Ecuador: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Vaccination coverage in Ecuador has decreased since 2013, falling short of the World Health Organization's vaccination goal. There are several causes for this deficiency in coverage, one of these are lost vaccination opportunities, which are caused when a patient without contraindications postpones, or for other reasons fails to receive a recommended immunization. The objective of this study was to determine the state of knowledge regarding vaccination contraindications among the Metropolitan District of Quito health personnel to assess missed vaccination opportunities.

Size-dependent colouration balances conspicuous aposematism and camouflage.

Colour is an important component of many different defensive strategies, but signal efficacy and detectability will also depend on the size of the coloured structures, and how pattern size interacts with the background. Consequently, size-dependent changes in colouration are common among many different species as juveniles and adults frequently use colour for different purposes in different environmental contexts. A widespread strategy in many species is switching from crypsis to conspicuous aposematic signalling as increasing body size can reduce the efficacy of camouflage, while other antipredator defences may strengthen.

Comparison of Dose-Response Relationships for Two Isolates of SARS-CoV-2 in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Inhalational COVID-19.

As the COVID-19 pandemic has progressed, numerous variants of SARS-CoV-2 have arisen, with several displaying increased transmissibility. The present study compared dose-response relationships and disease presentation in nonhuman primates infected with aerosols containing an isolate of the Gamma variant of SARS-CoV-2 to the results of our previous study with the earlier WA-1 isolate of SARS-CoV-2. Disease in Gamma-infected animals was mild, characterized by dose-dependent fever and oronasal shedding of virus.

The influence of ultraviolet reflectance differs between conspicuous aposematic signals in neotropical butterflies and poison frogs.

Warning signals are often characterized by highly contrasting, distinctive, and memorable colors. Greater chromatic (hue) and achromatic (brightness) contrast have both been found to contribute to greater signal efficacy, making longwave colored signals (e.g.

Snake antivenom production in Ecuador: Poor implementation, and an unplanned cessation leads to a call for a renaissance.

Snakebite envenomation is a global health problem. This health problem asymmetrically affects rural populations in developing countries to such an extent that it recently has been listed as a priority neglected tropical disease (NTD). It is estimated that 5.

Seroconversion and fever are dose-dependent in a nonhuman primate model of inhalational COVID-19.

While evidence exists supporting the potential for aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the infectious dose by inhalation remains unknown. In the present study, the probability of infection following inhalation of SARS-CoV-2 was dose-dependent in a nonhuman primate model of inhalational COVID-19. The median infectious dose, assessed by seroconversion, was 52 TCID50 (95% CI: 23-363 TCID50), and was significantly lower than the median dose for fever (256 TCID50, 95% CI: 102-603 TCID50), resulting in a group of animals that developed an immune response post-exposure but did not develop fever or other clinical signs of infection.

Forced Convection Nanofluid Heat Transfer as a Function of Distance in Microchannels.

As electronic devices become smaller and more powerful, the demand for micro-scale thermal management becomes necessary in achieving a more compact design. One way to do that is enhancing the forced convection heat transfer by adding nanoparticles into the base liquid. In this study, the nanofluid forced convection heat transfer coefficient was measured inside stainless-steel microchannels (ID = 210 μm) and heat transfer coefficient as a function of distance was measured to explore the effects of base liquid, crystal phase, nanoparticle material, and size on heat transfer coefficient.

Outcomes Following Implementation of a Hospital-Wide, Multicomponent Delirium Care Pathway.

Background: Delirium is associated with poor clinical outcomes that could be improved with targeted interventions.

Objective: To determine whether a multicomponent delirium care pathway implemented across seven specialty nonintensive care units is associated with reduced hospital length of stay (LOS). Secondary objectives were reductions in total direct cost, odds of 30-day hospital readmission, and rates of safety attendant and restraint use.