An imbalance between proliferation and differentiation underlies the development of microRNA-defective pineoblastoma.

Mutations in the microRNA processing genes and drive several cancers that resemble embryonic progenitors. To understand how microRNAs regulate tumorigenesis, we ablated or in the developing pineal gland to emulate the pathogenesis of pineoblastoma, a brain tumor that resembles undifferentiated precursors of the pineal gland. Accordingly, these mice develop pineal tumors marked by loss of microRNAs, including the let-7/miR-98-5p family, and de-repression of microRNA target genes.

The Discovery of Weddellamycin, a Tricyclic Polyene Macrolactam Antibiotic from an Antarctic Deep-Sea-Derived sp. DSS69, by Heterologous Expression.

Polyene macrolactams are a special group of natural products with great diversity, unique structural features, and a wide range of biological activities. Herein, a cryptic gene cluster for the biosynthesis of putative macrolactams was disclosed from a sponge-associated bacterium, sp. DSS69, by genome mining.

Prognostic role of different PD-L1 expression patterns and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in high-grade serous ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The prognostic value of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) remains a controversial topic in the research field. To comprehensively assess the importance of PD-L1 and TILs in this particular subtype of ovarian cancer, we performed a meta-analysis.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases up to December 25, 2022.

Biallelic Dicer1 Mutations in the Gynecologic Tract of Mice Drive Lineage-Specific Development of DICER1 Syndrome-Associated Cancer.

Unlabelled: DICER1 is an RNase III enzyme essential for miRNA biogenesis through cleaving precursor-miRNA hairpins. Germline loss-of-function DICER1 mutations underline the development of DICER1 syndrome, a rare genetic disorder that predisposes children to cancer development in organs such as lung, gynecologic tract, kidney, and brain. Unlike classical tumor suppressors, the somatic "second hit" in DICER1 syndrome-associated cancers does not fully inactivate DICER1 but impairs its RNase IIIb activity only, suggesting a noncanonical two-hit hypothesis.

Alanine supplementation exploits glutamine dependency induced by SMARCA4/2-loss.

SMARCA4 (BRG1) and SMARCA2 (BRM) are the two paralogous ATPases of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes frequently inactivated in cancers. Cells deficient in either ATPase have been shown to depend on the remaining counterpart for survival. Contrary to this paralog synthetic lethality, concomitant loss of SMARCA4/2 occurs in a subset of cancers associated with very poor outcomes.

Diagnosis, treatment, and genetic characteristics of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm: A review.

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a highly aggressive and extremely rare hematologic disease with a poor prognosis, involving mainly the skin and bone marrow. The immunophenotype of these tumor cells is characterized by the expression of CD4, CD56, CD123, TCL-1, and CD303. To date, no consensus has been reached on the standard of care for BPDCN.

SMARCB1 Loss in Poorly Differentiated Chordomas Drives Tumor Progression.

Poorly differentiated (PD) chordoma, a rare, aggressive tumor originating from notochordal tissue, shows loss of SMARCB1 expression, a core component of the Switch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes. To determine the impact of SMARCB1 re-expression on cell growth and gene expression, two SMARCB1-negative PD chordoma cell lines with an inducible SMARCB1 expression system were generated. After 72 hours of induction of SMARCB1, both SMARCB1-negative PD chordoma cell lines continued to proliferate.

Recovery of carbon and cryolite from spent carbon anode slag of electrolytic aluminum by flotation based on the evaluation of selectivity index.

One of the main electrolytic aluminum production costs is the consumption of carbon anodes, and carbon anode slag is a common hazardous waste in the aluminum industry. In this work, electrolytic aluminum carbon anode slag was separated by flotation. Using the selectivity index () as an indicator, the influencing factors of the carbon slag flotation process were optimized, and the separation performance of carbon and cryolite in the carbon anode slag was investigated.

[Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with inv(16)/t(16;16)(p13.1;q22) and/or CBFβ-MYH11].

Objective: To summarize the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(16)/t(16;16) (p13.1;q22), and to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients.

Methods: AML patients with inv(16)/t(16;16) (p13.

[Clinical Characteristics and Prognosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients with inv(16)/t(16;16)(p13.1;q22) and/or CBFβ-MYH11].

Objective: To summarize the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with inv(16)/t(16;16) (p13.1;q22), and to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients.

Methods: AML patients with inv(16)/t(16;16) (p13.

Circular RNA-UBE2D2 accelerates the proliferation and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer cells via modulating microRNA-376a-3p/Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4γ2 axis.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ranks first in the morbidity and mortality of malignant tumors in China. As reported, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerged in the progress of NSCLC. The study was to figure out the potential mechanism of circ-UBE2D2 in the progression of NSCLC.

Enhancing Ristomycin A Production by Overexpression of ParB-Like StrR Family Regulators Controlling the Biosynthesis Genes.

sp. strain TNS106 harbors a ristomycin-biosynthetic gene cluster () in its genome and produces ristomycin A. Deletion of the sole cluster-situated StrR family regulatory gene, , abolished ristomycin A production and the transcription of the genes to .

[Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors of Patients with Multiple Myeloma].

Objective: To summarize the clinical and Laboratory characteristics of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and analyze the prognostic factors.

Methods: Two hundred MM patients were retrospectively analyzed for the following parameters, including peripheral blood, bone marrow morphology, cytogenetics, clinical staging, and response to the chemotherapy in order to summarize related factors affecting overall survival (OS). The prognostic factors were also analyzed.

Targeting glutamine dependence through GLS1 inhibition suppresses ARID1A-inactivated clear cell ovarian carcinoma.

Alterations in components of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex occur in ~20% of all human cancers. For example, is mutated in up to 62% of clear cell ovarian carcinoma (OCCC), a disease currently lacking effective therapies. Here we show that mutation creates a dependence on glutamine metabolism.

ARID1A regulates R-loop associated DNA replication stress.

ARID1A is a core DNA-binding subunit of the BAF chromatin remodeling complex, and is lost in up to 7% of all cancers. The frequency of ARID1A loss increases in certain cancer types, such as clear cell ovarian carcinoma where ARID1A protein is lost in about 50% of cases. While the impact of ARID1A loss on the function of the BAF chromatin remodeling complexes is likely to drive oncogenic gene expression programs in specific contexts, ARID1A also binds genome stability regulators such as ATR and TOP2.

Engineering the Erythromycin-Producing Strain HOE107 for the Heterologous Production of Polyketide Antibiotics.

Bacteria of the genus produce important polyketide antibiotics, including erythromycin A () and spinosad (). We herein report the development of an industrial erythromycin-producing strain, . HOE107, into a host for the heterologous expression of polyketide biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) from other species and related actinomycetes.

Re-expression of SMARCA4/BRG1 in small cell carcinoma of ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) promotes an epithelial-like gene signature through an AP-1-dependent mechanism.

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is a rare and aggressive form of ovarian cancer. SCCOHT tumors have inactivating mutations in (BRG1), one of the two mutually exclusive ATPases of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. To address the role that BRG1 loss plays in SCCOHT tumorigenesis, we performed integrative multi-omic analyses in SCCOHT cell lines +/- BRG1 reexpression.

Re-assigning the histologic identities of COV434 and TOV-112D ovarian cancer cell lines.

Objective: The development of effective cancer treatments depends on the availability of cell lines that faithfully recapitulate the cancer in question. This study definitively re-assigns the histologic identities of two ovarian cancer cell lines, COV434 (originally described as a granulosa cell tumour) and TOV-112D (originally described as grade 3 endometrioid carcinoma), both of which were recently suggested to represent small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), based on their shared gene expression profiles and sensitivity to EZH2 inhibitors.

Methods: For COV434 and TOV-112D, we re-reviewed the original pathology slides and obtained clinical follow-up on the patients, when available, and performed immunohistochemistry for SMARCA4, SMARCA2 and additional diagnostic markers on the original formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) clinical material, when available.

Establishment and characterization of VOA1066 cells: An undifferentiated endometrial carcinoma cell line.

Dedifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (DDEC) is a rare but highly aggressive type of endometrial cancer, in which an undifferentiated carcinoma arises from a low-grade endometrioid endometrial carcinoma. The low-grade component is often eclipsed, likely due to an outgrowth of the undifferentiated component, and the tumor may appear as a pure undifferentiated endometrial carcinoma (UEC). We and others have recently identified inactivating mutations of SMARCA4, SMARCB1 or ARID1B, subunits of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, that are unique to the undifferentiated component and are present in a large portion of DDEC and UEC.

Functional Genome Mining Reveals a Class V Lanthipeptide Containing a d-Amino Acid Introduced by an F H -Dependent Reductase.

Lantibiotics are a type of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (termed lanthipeptides) with often potent antimicrobial activity. Herein, we report the discovery of a new lantibiotic, lexapeptide, using the library expression analysis system (LEXAS) approach. Lexapeptide has rare structural modifications, including N-terminal (N,N)-dimethyl phenylalanine, C-terminal (2-aminovinyl)-3-methyl-cysteine, and d-Ala.

Arginine Depletion Therapy with ADI-PEG20 Limits Tumor Growth in Argininosuccinate Synthase-Deficient Ovarian Cancer, Including Small-Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary, Hypercalcemic Type.

Purpose: Many rare ovarian cancer subtypes, such as small-cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), have poor prognosis due to their aggressive nature and resistance to standard platinum- and taxane-based chemotherapy. The development of effective therapeutics has been hindered by the rarity of such tumors. We sought to identify targetable vulnerabilities in rare ovarian cancer subtypes.