l-Lactic Acid Production Using Engineered with Improved Organic Acid Tolerance.

Lactic acid is mainly used to produce bio-based, bio-degradable polylactic acid. For industrial production of lactic acid, engineered can be used. To avoid cellular toxicity caused by lactic acid accumulation, pH-neutralizing agents are used, leading to increased production costs.

Recent advances in the biological valorization of citrus peel waste into fuels and chemicals.

In the quest to reduce global food loss and waste, fruit processing wastes, particularly citrus peel waste (CPW), have emerged as a promising and sustainable option for biorefinery without competing with human foods and animal feeds. CPW is largely produced and, as recent studies suggest, has the industrial potential of biological valorization into fuels and chemicals. In this review, the promising aspects of CPW as an alternative biomass were highlighted, focusing on its low lignin content.