Rifampicin Repurposing Reveals Anti-Melanogenic Activity in B16F10 Melanoma Cells.

Drug repurposing is a cost-effective and innovative strategy for identifying new therapeutic applications for existing drugs, thereby shortening development timelines and accelerating the availability of treatments. Applying this approach to the development of cosmeceutical ingredients enables the creation of functional compounds with proven safety and efficacy, adding significant value to the cosmetic industry. This study evaluated the potential of rifampicin, a drug widely used for the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy, as a cosmeceutical agent.

Diagnostic Yield and Synergistic Impact of Needle Aspiration and Forceps Biopsy with Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions (CONFIDENT-ENB): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is an advanced imaging-guided technique used to diagnose peripheral pulmonary lesions. However, the optimal strategy for selecting biopsy devices remains unclear.

Research Question: Does the combination of needle aspiration and forceps biopsy improve diagnostic yield compared with that using a single device alone?

Study Design And Methods: We conducted a randomized crossover study during ENB performed under moderate sedation.

Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid from a Novel Strain: Strengthening the Skin Barrier and Improving Moisture Retention in Keratinocytes and a Reconstructed Skin Model.

A novel HB-31 strain was isolated from Gotjawal Wetland in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. A mucus substance produced by this strain was identified as high-molecular-weight poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) using NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and size-exclusion chromatography/multi-angle light scattering analyses. We evaluated whether γ-PGA strengthened the skin barrier using keratinocytes and a reconstructed skin model.

Role of Carrot ( L.) Storage Roots in Drought Stress Adaptation: Hormonal Regulation and Metabolite Accumulation.

Drought stress has become one of the biggest concerns in threating the growth and yield of carrots ( L.). Recent studies have shed light on the physiological and molecular metabolisms in response to drought in the carrot plant; however, tissue-specific responses and regulations are still not fully understood.

Evaluation of Pencycuron Residue Dynamics in Eggplant Using LC-MS/MS and Establishment of Pre-Harvest Residue Limits.

Pencycuron is a fungicide whose maximum residue limit (MRL) in eggplant is either set at very low levels (0.02 mg/kg in European Union) or remains unestablished in many countries, necessitating stringent pesticide management. To enable timely interventions by farmers and regulators, pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs) propose maximum allowable pesticide concentrations for each day during the pre-harvest period.

Mechanistic Insights into the Stimulatory Effect of Melanogenesis of 4-Methylcoumarin Derivatives in B16F10 Melanoma Cells.

Vitiligo is a skin condition characterized by the loss of pigment, resulting in white patches on various parts of the body. It occurs when melanocytes, the cells that are responsible for producing skin pigment, are destroyed or stop functioning. This study aimed to investigate the melanogenic potential of various 4-methylcoumarin (4MC) derivatives, including 6-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin (6M-4MC), 7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin (7M-4MC), 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (7A-4MC), 6,7-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (6,7DH-4MC), 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (7,8DH-4MC), and 6,7-dimethoxy-4-methylcoumarin (6,7DM-4MC), in B16F10 melanoma cells.

Optimization of Ferimzone and Tricyclazole Analysis in Rice Straw Using QuEChERS Method and Its Application in UAV-Sprayed Residue Study.

Rice straw is used as livestock feed and compost. Ferimzone and tricyclazole, common fungicides for rice blast control, can be found in high concentrations in rice straw after unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spraying, potentially affecting livestock and human health through pesticide residues. In this study, an optimized method for the analysis of the two fungicides in rice straw was developed using the improved QuEChERS method.

Simultaneous Analysis of 504 Pesticide Multiresidues in Crops Using UHPLC-QTOF at MS and MS Levels.

A robust analytical method was developed for the simultaneous detection of 504 pesticide multiresidues in various crops using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF). The method integrates both MS and MS levels through sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) analysis, allowing for accurate mass measurements and the construction of a spectral library to enhance pesticide residue identification. An evaluation of the method was carried out according to international standards, including the FAO guidelines and SANTE/11312/2021.

Comparison of off-target pesticide drift in paddy fields from unmanned aerial vehicle spraying using cellulose deposition sampler.

Off-target pesticide drift in paddy fields following unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spraying was evaluated using cellulose deposition samplers (CDSs). An analytical method for quantifying ferimzone Z and E isomers deposited on CDSs was developed using LC-MS/MS. The suitability of the CDS method was confirmed by comparing deposition patterns on CDSs with residue levels in rice plant samples.

Rel-dependent decrease in the expression of ribosomal protein genes by inhibition of the respiratory electron transport chain in .

In this study, we demonstrated that both the expression of most ribosomal protein genes and the amount of ribosomes were decreased in the Δ mutant of , in which the major terminal oxidase ( cytochrome oxidase) of the respiratory electron transport chain (ETC) is inactivated, compared to those in the wild-type strain. Deletion of the gene encoding the major (p)ppGpp synthetase in the background of the Δ mutant restored the reduced expression of ribosomal protein genes, suggesting that inhibition of the respiratory ETC leads to the Rel-dependent stringent response (SR) in this bacterium. Both a decrease in the expression of ribosomal protein genes by overexpression of and the increased expression of in the Δ mutant relative to the wild-type strain support the Rel-dependent induction of SR in the Δ mutant.

REXO5 promotes genomic integrity through regulating R-loop using its exonuclease activity.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), caused by BCR::ABL1 fusion gene, is known to regulate disease progression by altering the expression of genes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes are largely unknown. In this study, we identified RNA Exonuclease 5 (REXO5/LOC81691) as a novel gene with elevated mRNA expression levels in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients.

Prevalence and progression rate of interstitial lung abnormalities detected on thoracic CT: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To estimate the pooled prevalence and progression rate of ILAs and identify the risk factors for radiological progression.

Materials And Methods: An EMBASE and PubMed search was undertaken, identifying all studies meeting the inclusion criteria performed before May 10, 2023. Random effect models were used to estimate pooled prevalence, ILA progression rates, and odds ratio for radiological progression based on radiological subtype.

Genotyping-by-Sequencing Analysis Reveals Associations between Agronomic and Oil Traits in Gamma Ray-Derived Mutant Rapeseed ( L.).

Rapeseed ( L.) holds significant commercial value as one of the leading oil crops, with its agronomic features and oil quality being crucial determinants. In this investigation, 73,226 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across 95 rapeseed mutant lines induced by gamma rays, alongside the original cultivar ('Tamra'), using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) analysis were examined.

Comparative Biological Half-Life of Penthiopyrad and Tebufenpyrad in Angelica Leaves and Establishment of Pre-Harvest Residue Limits (PHRLs).

To prevent pesticides from exceeding maximum residue limits (MRLs) in crops during export and shipment, it is necessary to manage residue levels during the pre-harvest stages. Therefore, the Republic of Korea establishes pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs) per crop and pesticide. This study was conducted to set PHRLs for penthiopyrad and tebufenpyrad in angelica leaves, where the exceedance rates of MRLs are expected to be high.

Endobronchial valves for emphysema and persistent air-leak: 10-year experience in an Asian country.

Background: Endobronchial valve (EBV) therapy, a validated method for bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) in severe emphysema, has been explored for persistent air-leak (PAL) management. However, its effectiveness and safety in the Asian population require further real-world evaluation. In this study, we assessed the outcomes of treatment with EBV within this demographic.

Seasonally increasing parasite load is associated with microbiome dysbiosis in wild bumblebees.

The microbiome is increasingly recognized for its complex relationship with host fitness. Bumblebees are host to a characteristic gut microbiome community that is derived and reinforced through social contact between individuals. The bumblebee microbiome is species-poor, and primarily composed from a small number of core taxa that are associated with the greater tribe of corbiculate bees.

Real-world experience of adverse reactions-necessitated rifampicin-sparing treatment for drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis.

Rifampicin is an important agent for tuberculosis treatment; however, it is often discontinued because of adverse reactions. The treatment regimen then can be administered as that for rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, which can be toxic. We retrospectively reviewed 114 patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis who discontinued rifampicin due to adverse reactions during an 18 year period at a tertiary referral center, of which 92 (80.

Optimal Serum 25(OH)D Levels and Vitamin D Intake in Korean Postmenopausal Women.

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in regulating the growth and maintenance of the musculoskeletal system. Postmenopausal women are vulnerable to bone fractures because of the decrease in bone mineral density (BMD). Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants that influence BMD and the 25(OH)D levels in Korean postmenopausal women.