Reductive deoxygenation of alcohols by PMHS assisted by iodide.

The deoxygenation of alcohols is an important and extensively studied research area in modern organic chemistry. However, a chemoselective and clean method is still required for large-scale biochemical production. Herein, we report a strategy for the deoxygenation of alcohols into alkanes using polymethylsiloxane (PMHS) as the reductant with the assistance of iodide.

Evaluation of heavy metal pollution and ecological risk of surface sediments in a tropical mountainous River-Estuary-Shelf Continuum system: A case study of the Selangor River, Malaysia.

As human activities continue to increase, the global production of pollutants has increased significantly, with the majority of pollutants being transported to the ocean via rivers, resulting in intensified pollution in estuaries and coastal areas. To maintain a healthy marine ecological environment, it is necessary to consider rivers, estuaries, and coastal seas as integrated systems and implement pollution management based on the concept of land-ocean integration. In this study, heavy metal elements in the surface sediments of Selangor River-Estuary-Coastal Shelf Continuum were collected and analysed to assess their pollution levels and potential ecological risks.

Real-world outcomes of prophylactic cranial irradiation utilization and efficacy for patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer treated with consolidative thoracic radiotherapy.

Background: The role of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is not well-defined in extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC), with conflicting results from randomized trials and a lack of relevant data for patients who received consolidative thoracic radiotherapy (CTRT). We sought to evaluate the impact of PCI on the outcomes of ES-SCLC patients who were all treated with CTRT.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of ES-SCLC patients without brain metastases who were all treated with CTRT between 2013-2021 at our institution was conducted.

Impaired oxidative phosphorylation drives primary tumor escape and metastasis.

Metastasis causes most cancer deaths and reflects transitions from primary tumor escape to seeding and growth at metastatic sites. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is important early in metastasis to enable cancer cells to detach from neighboring cells, become migratory, and escape the primary tumor. While different phases of metastasis expose cells to variable nutrient environments and demands, the metabolic requirements and plasticity of each step are uncertain.

The hidden palette: Uncovering key substances driving color variation in sesame-flavor Baijiu.

Color is a pivotal in the visual quality of sesame-flavor Baijiu (SFB), may significantly influence consumers' perception. This study investigated the sensory differences among samples with different colors and identified potential substances responsible for these color variations. Sensory evaluation revealed subtle quality differences (Adonis R = 0.

Clinical Outcomes of Stage IIA/IIB Seminoma Treated With Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy: Should Regional Therapy be Considered the Preferred Treatment Approach?

Purpose: The optimal management of patients with de novo clinical stage IIA/B (CSIIA/B) or relapsed CSIIA/B (Rel-CSIIA/B) seminoma remains debated because of a lack of randomized evidence. Here, we sought to evaluate outcomes after radiation therapy and chemotherapy in this setting.

Methods And Materials: A prospectively maintained single-institutional database was retrospectively queried for patients diagnosed between 1995 and 2016 with de novo or Rel-CSIIA/B.

The effect of anterior disc displacement with polycystic ovarian syndrome on adolescent condylar bone remodeling.

Background: Adolescent females have a high prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) anterior disc displacement (ADD), which can lead to condylar resorption and dentofacial deformity. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that disrupts bone metabolism. However, the effects of PCOS on bone remodeling especially after disc repositioning (DR) surgery are not well understood.

Informational Needs of Lung Cancer Patients and Caregivers.

The provision of information is critical to the care and support for cancer patients. Relevant information leads to lower anxiety, increased patient control and involvement in decision-making, greater satisfaction, and improved coping skills. To identify the unique needs of lung cancer patients and their caregivers (LPCs), a needs assessment was conducted.

Cooperative Substructure and Energetics of Allosteric Regulation of the Catalytic Core of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Parkin by Phosphorylated Ubiquitin.

Mutations in the parkin gene product Parkin give rise to autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism. Parkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is a critical participant in the process of mitophagy. Parkin has a complex structure that integrates several allosteric signals to maintain precise control of its catalytic activity.

Androgen signaling restricts glutaminolysis to drive sex-specific Th17 metabolism in allergic airway inflammation.

Female individuals have an increased prevalence of many Th17 cell-mediated diseases, including asthma. Androgen signaling decreases Th17 cell-mediated airway inflammation, and Th17 cells rely on glutaminolysis. However, it remains unclear whether androgen receptor (AR) signaling modifies glutamine metabolism to suppress Th17 cell-mediated airway inflammation.

Improvement on gel properties of chicken myofibrillar protein with electron beam irradiation: Based on protein structure, gel quality, water state.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of electron beam (E-beam) irradiation at different doses (0-15 kGy) on the solubility, rheological properties, emulsification characteristics, and moisture distribution of chicken myofibrillar proteins (MPs). Irradiation treatment notably increased the solubility, surface hydrophobicity, emulsification properties, and apparent viscosity of MPs, based on conformational changes caused by irradiation-induced oxidative denaturation of proteins. However, high doses of irradiation (15 kGy) induced in excessive cross-linking and aggregation of proteins, reducing the solubility, emulsification properties, and shear stress.

Subset-specific mitochondrial stress and DNA damage shape T cell responses to fever and inflammation.

Heat is a cardinal feature of inflammation, yet its impacts on immune cells remain uncertain. We show that moderate-grade fever temperatures (39°C) increased murine CD4 T cell metabolism, proliferation, and inflammatory effector activity while decreasing regulatory T cell suppressive capacity. However, heat-exposed T helper 1 (T1) cells selectively developed mitochondrial stress and DNA damage that activated Trp53 and stimulator of interferon genes pathways.

Maintenance infusion rate of oxytocin after initial 1-IU bolus for elective Cesarean delivery: a dose-finding study.

Purpose: The purpose of our study was to determine the minimum effective dose of oxytocin maintenance infusion required to maintain adequate uterine tone in 90% of patients (ED) after administration of the initial bolus at elective Cesarean delivery (CD) under spinal anesthesia.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, double-blind dose-finding study with biased coin up-down design. Immediately after delivery, a 1-IU oxytocin bolus was administered, followed by a maintenance infusion.

The Role of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Oligoprogressive Malignant Disease (RADIANT): Oncologic Outcomes From a Phase 2 Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: In oligoprogressive (OP) cancer, there are a limited number of metastatic areas progressing on a background of stable or responding to widespread cancer. Although the standard of care for OP is changing systemic therapy (ST), stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is being explored as an alternative local therapy targeting the sites of progression.

Methods And Materials: RADIANT (NCT04122469) was a single-center phase 2 study of patients with metastatic genitourinary (GU), breast, and gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, receiving ST for ≥3 months, with radiographic OP disease in ≤5 sites.

Glycosylated gelatin prepared based on electron beam irradiation and its physicochemical properties.

The influence of electron beam irradiation (EBI) treatment on the modification of gelatin-galactose glycosylation was thoroughly examined. The results of the degree of grafting and browning revealed that EBI triggered the glycosylation reaction of gelatin. The degree of glycosylation exhibited a gradual increase with the rising irradiation dose, reaching a maximum of 25 kGy.

Essential phage component induces resistance of bacterial community.

Despite extensive knowledge on phage resistance at bacterium level, the resistance of bacterial communities is still not well-understood. Given its ubiquity, it is essential to understand resistance at the community level. We performed quantitative investigations on the dynamics of phage infection in biofilms.

First-Principles Study on BiTeS Monolayer for Adsorption Performance and Sensing Capability.

In this study, a comprehensive investigation into the gas sensing capabilities of the two-dimensional (2D) BiTeS was conducted using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. A wide array of gas molecules, including CH, Cl, CO, CO, H, HO, HS, N, NH, NO, NO, O, and SO, was encompassed in this work. Through the strategic placement of these gas molecules at different locations on the BiTeS monolayer and taking into account a range of configurations, the adsorption process was thoroughly investigated, with a particular emphasis on the structures that are most thermodynamically stable.

What influences the implementation of clinical guidelines related to enteral nutrition in the intensive care unit: A mixed-methods systematic review.

Aims: To systematically evaluate and analyse literature concerning the factors influencing the implementation of clinical practice guidelines related to enteral nutrition in the adult intensive care unit.

Background: Guidelines serve as crucial tools for guiding clinical practice. However, a significant gap persists between current clinical practice and guidelines pertaining to enteral nutrition.

The receptor VLDLR binds Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus through multiple distinct modes.

Eastern Equine Encephalitis virus (EEEV) is an alphavirus that can cause severe diseases in infected humans. The very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) was recently identified as a receptor of EEEV. Herein, we performed cryo-electron microscopy structural and biochemistry studies on the specific interactions between EEEV and VLDLR.