CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Gene Editing Reduces Growth Inhibition in Chinese Cabbage () under ER Stress.

Various stresses can affect the quality and yield of crops, including vegetables. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was employed to examine the role of the () gene in influencing the growth of Chinese cabbage (). Single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) were designed to target the gene, and deep-sequencing analysis confirmed the induction of mutations in the bZIP domain of the gene.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to confer turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) resistance in Chinese cabbage ().

Genome editing approaches, particularly the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, are becoming state-of-the-art for trait development in numerous breeding programs. Significant advances in improving plant traits are enabled by this influential tool, especially for disease resistance, compared to traditional breeding. One of the potyviruses, the turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), is the most widespread and damaging virus that infects spp.

Nanostructured Polyaniline Films Functionalized through Auxiliary Nitrogen Addition in Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Polymerization.

Polyaniline (PANI) was synthesized from liquid aniline, a nitrogen-containing aromatic compound, through the atmospheric pressure (AP) plasma process using a newly designed plasma jet array with wide spacing between plasma jets. To expand the area of the polymerized film, the newly proposed plasma jet array comprises three AP plasma jet devices spaced 7 mm apart in a triangular configuration and an electrodeless quartz tube capable of applying auxiliary gas in the center of the triangular plasma jets. The vaporized aniline monomer was synthesized into a PANI film using the proposed plasma array device.

Development of an Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Device Using Four-Bore Tubing and Its Applications of In-Liquid Material Decomposition and Solution Plasma Polymerization.

In this study, we describe an atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) device made of four-bore tubing operable in inhospitable humid environments and introduce two potential applications of liquid material processing: decomposition of aqueous phosphorus compounds and solution-plasma polymerization. A four-bore tube was used as the plasma transfer conduit and two diagonal bores contained metal wires. In the proposed APPJ device, the metal wires serving as electrodes are completely enclosed inside the holes of the multi-bore glass tube.

Immune Responses to Plant-Derived Recombinant Colorectal Cancer Glycoprotein EpCAM-FcK Fusion Protein in Mice.

Epidermal cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA), which has been considered as a cancer vaccine candidate. The EpCAM protein fused to the fragment crystallizable region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) tagged with KDEL endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retention signal (EpCAM-FcK) has been successfully expressed in transgenic tobacco ( cv. Xanthi) and purified from the plant leaf.

Correlations of MR Sialographic Gradings with the Clinical Measures of Sjögren's Syndrome.

Objectives: Sjögren syndrome (SS) features salivary gland architectural changes such as ductal deformities and fat deposition secondary to inflammatory cell infiltrates; however, the anatomical and pathophysiological correlations of SS remain to be determined. This study aimed to determine the correlations of imaging findings based on the magnetic resonance (MR) sialography with the clinical and laboratory aspects of SS patients.

Methods: We evaluated the MR sialographic findings of two pairs of parotid glands (PGs) and submandibular glands (SMGs) from 41 SS patients.

Genotyping-by-Sequencing Derived Genetic Linkage Map and Quantitative Trait Loci for Sugar Content in Onion ( L.).

Onion (2n = 2x = 16) has been a nutritional, medicinal and economically valuable vegetable crop all over the world since ancient times. To accelerate the molecular breeding in onion, genetic linkage maps are prerequisite. However, construction of genetic linkage maps of onion remains relatively rudimentary due to a large genome (about 16.

Genome-Wide Analysis of MYB10 Transcription Factor in and Identification of QTLs Associated with Fruit Color in Octoploid Strawberry.

The genus encompass fruits with diverse colors influenced by the distribution and accumulation of anthocyanin. Particularly, the fruit colors of strawberries with different ploidy levels are determined by expression and natural variations in the vital structural and regulatory genes involved in the anthocyanin pathway. Among the regulatory genes, MYB10 transcription factor is crucial for the expression of structural genes in the anthocyanin pathway.

Chromosome Level Assembly of Homozygous Inbred Line 'Wongyo 3115' Facilitates the Construction of a High-Density Linkage Map and Identification of QTLs Associated With Fruit Firmness in Octoploid Strawberry ( × ).

Strawberry is an allo-octoploid crop with high genome heterozygosity and complexity, which hinders the sequencing and the assembly of the genome. However, in the present study, we have generated a chromosome level assembly of octoploid strawberry sourced from a highly homozygous inbred line 'Wongyo 3115', using long- and short-read sequencing technologies. The assembly of 'Wongyo 3115' produced 805.

QTL Mapping for Gummy Stem Blight Resistance in Watermelon ( spp.).

Watermelon () is an economically important fruit crop worldwide. Gummy stem blight (GSB) is one of the most damaging diseases encountered during watermelon cultivation. In the present study, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with GSB resistance in an F population derived from a cross between maternal-susceptible line '920533' () and the paternal-resistant line 'PI 189225' ().

A comparative study on the chloride effectiveness of synthetic rutile and natural rutile manufactured from ilmenite ore.

Studies on continuous and selective chlorination by using ilmenite have been actively conducted because the efficient removal of FeO from ilmenite(FeTiO) ore using selective chlorination not only improves the reaction purity of TiCl but it also leads to price competitiveness compared to TiCl synthesized from natural rutile. The chlorination of synthetic rutile with FeO removed was compared with that of natural rutile to examine the reaction efficiency. The selective chlorination efficiency depends on the input amounts of coke and Cl, as shown by thermodynamic calculation, when FeO is selectively removed.

Expression of Colorectal Cancer Antigenic Protein Fused to IgM Fc in Chinese Cabbage ().

The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a tumor-associated antigen and a potential target for tumor vaccine. The EpCAM is a cell-surface glycoprotein highly expressed in colorectal carcinomas. The objective of the present study is to develop an edible vaccine system through -mediated transformation in Chinese cabbage ().

Socioeconomic Burden of Cancer in Korea from 2011 to 2015.

Purpose: Though the socioeconomic burden of cancer on patients is increasing in South Korea, there is little research regarding the type of cancer that incurs the highest costs. This study analyzed the socioeconomic burden on cancer patients from 2011 to 2015 according to sex and age.

Materials And Methods: A prevalence-based approach was applied utilizing claim data of the National Health Insurance Service in Korea to estimate the socioeconomic burden of cancer on patients.

Focus group interview regarding the accessibility of health information for people with disabilities and means of improving this accessibility in the future.

This study concerns the accessibility of health information for people with disabilities. More specifically, by interviewing policy elites who have backgrounds in this area, we seek to obtain their opinions regarding the type of information people with disabilities require, and people with disabilities overall awareness of such information. Based on the information obtained, we also aim to identify methods of improving this accessibility.

Cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation programs for hospitalized patients: a systematic review.

Objective: This systematic review examined the characteristics of published cost-effectiveness analyses of inpatient smoking cessation programs and assessed the methodological quality of the selected studies, to provide policymakers with economic evidence for this type of program.

Methods: A literature search was undertaken using a relevant database by three investigators. Only full economic evaluations with results in the form of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were included.

Measuring the Economic Burden of Disease and Injury in Korea, 2015.

Background: Disease burden can be represented by health-related parameters such as disability-adjusted life years and economic burden. Economic burden is an important index, as it estimates the maximum possible cost reduction if a disease is prevented. This study aimed to determine the economic burden of 238 diseases and 22 injuries in Korea in 2015.

Years of Life Lost due to Premature Death in People with Disabilities in Korea: the Korean National Burden of Disease Study Framework.

Background: Several studies have been conducted regarding people with disabilities, however no studies have estimated the disease burden due to premature death. As such, we aimed to compare the years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature death between a population with disabilities and the total population of Korea.

Methods: To calculate the YLLs in people with disabilities, we combined disability registration data from the 2002-2011 Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea and the causes of mortality data by Statistics Korea for 3,158,231 people.

The economic burden of rotavirus infection in South Korea from 2009 to 2012.

Rotavirus is a common cause of diarrhea worldwide, and vaccination prevents rotaviral gastroenteritis. Since the rotavirus vaccine was introduced in Korea in 2007, the prevalence of rotaviral gastroenteritis has decreased. However, little is known on the economic burden of rotavirus infection and its variations in Korea.

Serum alanine aminotransferase level and liver-related mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis B: A large national cohort study.

Background: The serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level has been used to identify at-risk patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) who need antiviral therapy. However, the level associated with increased liver-related mortality requiring active treatment is still unclear.

Methods: We used a Health Examination Cohort of the National Health Insurance Service of Korea that included approximately 0.

Treatment of zinc toxicosis in a dog with chelation using d-penicillamine.

Objective: To describe chelation therapy with d-penicillamine for treatment of zinc toxicosis in a dog.

Case Summary: A 1.5-year-old intact female Maltese dog weighing 2.

Disability-Adjusted Life Years for Communicable Disease in the Korean Burden of Disease Study 2012.

Globally, the incidence of communicable diseases has decreased compared to non-communicable diseases. However, chronic communicable diseases such as HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis persist worldwide. Furthermore, emerging new infections such as H1N1 influenza pose a new threat to public health.

Disability-adjusted Life Years for 313 Diseases and Injuries: the 2012 Korean Burden of Disease Study.

This study is part of a 5-year research project on the national burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors in Korea. Using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a metric introduced by the 1990 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project, we performed a comprehensive and detailed assessment of the magnitude and distribution of both fatal and non-fatal health problems in the Korean population. The concept and general approach were consistent with the original GBD study, with some methodological modifications to make the study more suitable for Korea.

Application of a Modified Garbage Code Algorithm to Estimate Cause-Specific Mortality and Years of Life Lost in Korea.

Years of life lost (YLLs) are estimated based on mortality and cause of death (CoD); therefore, it is necessary to accurately calculate CoD to estimate the burden of disease. The garbage code algorithm was developed by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study to redistribute inaccurate CoD and enhance the validity of CoD estimation. This study aimed to estimate cause-specific mortality rates and YLLs in Korea by applying a modified garbage code algorithm.