Romiplostim for treatment of thrombocytopenia in dogs: A retrospective assessment and clinical outcomes.

Background: Romiplostim, a thrombopoietin analog, is commonly used to treat immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) in humans, but its use in dogs remains limited.

Objectives: Evaluate the effects and adverse events of romiplostim administration in dogs with thrombocytopenia caused by various underlying diseases.

Animals: Forty-two client-owned dogs with naturally occurring thrombocytopenia at 2 referral animal hospitals.

Effect of Oligo-Fucoidan, Fucoxanthin, and L-Carnitine on Chronic Kidney Disease in Dogs: A Retrospective Study.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) commonly occurs in old dogs and cats. Oligo-fucoidan, fucoxanthin, and L-carnitine (OFL) compounds have a variety of reno-protective properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-fibrotic effects. Because their effects have not been investigated in naturally occurring canine CKD, we examined their reno-protective activities in dog patients with CKD.

Pamidronate-induced irreversible symptomatic hypocalcemia in a dog with hypercalcemia after glucocorticoid withdrawal: a case report.

Background: Pamidronate is used for the treatment of hypercalcemia. However, a rare but potential adverse event of pamidronate treatment is hypocalcemia. This report describes an unusual case of severe, irreversible hypocalcemia after a single injection of pamidronate for the treatment of hypercalcemia due to glucocorticoid withdrawal in a dog.

Effect of the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor, DWP16001, as an add-on therapy to insulin for diabetic dogs: A pilot study.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a novel class of anti-hyperglycaemic agents.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and the adjuvant glycaemic control effect of an SGLT2 inhibitor, DWP16001, in diabetic dogs receiving insulin treatment.

Methods: Nineteen diabetic dogs receiving insulin treatment (NPH, porcine lente and glargine insulin) were divided into two groups according to dosing frequency: DWP TOD group (n = 10) and DWP SID group (n = 9).

Assessment of MMP-9 and clinical characteristics in dogs with tracheal collapse based on cough severity and fluoroscopic findings: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Tracheal collapse (TC), a common disease in dogs, is characterized by cough; however, little is known about the serum biomarkers that can objectively evaluate the severity of cough in canine TC. Furthermore, studies elucidating the relationship of fluoroscopic characteristics with the severity of cough are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between cough severity and clinical characteristics, fluoroscopic images, and new serum biomarkers in canine TC.

Anti-cancer effects of DHP107 on canine mammary gland cancer examined through in-vitro and in-vivo mouse xenograft models.

Background: Canine mammary gland cancer (CMGC) is a common neoplasm in intact bitches. However, the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferative effects of paclitaxel on CMGC in in-vitro and in-vivo settings.

Clinical infection of in a companion dog with discospondylitis in the Republic of Korea.

A 2-year-old, spayed female, Bichon Frise dog was presented with reluctance to exercise, back pain, and frequent sitting down. Multiple osteolysis, periosteal proliferation, and sclerosis of the vertebral endplates of T11-13 were observed in the radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The bacterial culture of the urine specimen, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the blood, and the antibody tests were positive for .

Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum following orbital blowout pathological fracture in a cat with nasal lymphoma: a case report.

Background: Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum are rare complications associated with orbital blowout pathological fracture.

Case Presentation: A 7-year old, castrated male Abbysinian cat presented with anorexia, lethargy, nausea, eyelid swelling, nasal discharge, and sneezing. Based on the clinical and diagnostic work-up, the cat was diagnosed with T cell high-grade nasal lymphoma associated with orbital pathological fracture due to the tumour invasion.

Macrophage induces anti-cancer drug resistance in canine mammary gland tumor spheroid.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in the tumor microenvironment by producing cytokines and growth factors. Furthermore, TAMs play multifunctional roles in tumor progression, immune regulation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemoresistance. Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment induces tumor-supporting transformation of TAMs, which enhances tumor malignancy through developing anti-cancer resistance, for example.

Changes in Lactate-related Fecal Microbiome in Hyperlactatemia Diabetic Dogs.

Background/aim: The correlation between the intestinal microbiome and endocrine disorders has recently been drawing attention as an important key for determining their pathology and clinical assessment. In this study, we evaluated the microbiome of dogs with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) with respect to blood lactate.

Materials And Methods: Fecal samples were obtained from 17 subjects and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction determinations were performed to quantify the gene expression levels of lactate-producing and dysbiosis index-related bacteria.

Evaluation of serum interleukin 2 receptor and beta-2-microglobulin as prognostic factors for canine lymphoma: A pilot study.

Interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R) is released from activated T cell lymphocytes and related to proliferation of B cells and T cells. Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) is synthesized from all nucleated cells and constitutes a major histocompatibility complex class I antigen. In human medicine, high concentrations of these two factors have been found to be related to prognosis in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Critical diagnostic and cancer stem cell markers in neoplastic cells from canine primary and xenografted pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

It is challenging to diagnose metastatic tumors whose cellular morphology is different from the primary. We characterized canine primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma (PAC) and its xenografted tumors by histological and immunohistochemical analyses for critical diagnostic and cancer stem cell (CSC) markers. To generate a tumor xenograft model, we subsequently transplanted the tissue pieces from the PAC into athymic nude mice.

Effects of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Canine Melanoma-derived Extracellular Vesicles on Tumor Microenvironment .

Background/aim: Tumor cell-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) promote tumor growth and metastasis; thus, they have drawn the attention of researchers. TEVs regulate the tumor microenvironment by facilitating crosstalk between immune and stromal cells. Macrophages are one of the key components involved in malignant behavior in melanomas.

Isolated hypoaldosteronism managed by DOCP in a dog with chronic kidney disease and hypercortisolism.

A 13-year-old spayed female Schnauzer dog with chronic kidney disease (CKD; International Renal Interest Society stage 2, non-proteinuric, normotensive), diabetes mellitus, hypercortisolism and myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine stage B2) presented with electrolyte imbalance that had progressed to hyperkalaemia and hyponatremia, with a sodium to potassium (Na:K) ratio of 19.6. Cortisol levels after the adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test were within the therapeutic range, but aldosterone levels were below the reference range; hence, isolated hypoaldosteronism was diagnosed.

Clinical features and epidemiology of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in dogs in the Republic of Korea: an observational study (2019-2020).

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a zoonotic disease with a high mortality rate for humans and cats. The clinical course and prognosis of SFTS in dogs remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection in dogs.

Insight into the potential candidate genes and signaling pathways involved in lymphoma disease in dogs using a comprehensive whole blood transcriptome analysis.

Lymphoma is one of the most prevalent hematological cancers, accounting for 15-20 % of new cancer diagnoses in dogs. Therefore, this study aims to explore the important genes and pathways involved in canine lymphoma progression and understand the underlying molecular mechanisms using RNA sequencing. In this study, RNAs acquired from seven pairs of lymphoma and non-lymphoma blood samples were sequenced from different breeds of dogs.

Evaluation of the Randox and Fuji Dri-Chem vcCRP-P assays of canine C-reactive protein.

In veterinary medicine, measurement of canine C-reactive protein (cCRP) is used widely to detect inflammatory diseases. We evaluated the precision of Randox and Fuji assays for cCRP, as well as accuracy, correlation, and agreement compared to a reference ELISA. Blood samples from 71 client-owned dogs (20 healthy, 51 diseased) were analyzed with the 3 assays.

Evaluation of endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 as a biomarker of glycocalyx damage in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease.

Background: Endothelial cell-specific molecule-1 (ESM-1) has emerged as a potential biomarker for cardiovascular disease in humans. Myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is the most common heart disease in dogs, and we hypothesized that MMVD causes chronic inflammation that increases susceptibility to endothelial glycocalyx (eGCX) damage. In this study, we measured the concentration of ESM-1 in a group of dogs with MMVD and evaluated factors affecting eGCX damage.

Retrospective analysis of efficacy and safety of oral paclitaxel for treatment of various cancers in dogs (2017-2021).

Background: In humans, several safety evaluations have shown minimal adverse events with oral paclitaxel; however, its therapeutic efficacy and safety has not been well established in dogs with various cancers.

Objectives: We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral paclitaxel in dogs with various cancers.

Methods: Twenty-one dogs diagnosed with various cancers were administered several doses of oral paclitaxel three times a month (group 1) or six times a month (group 2).

Unusual case of pleural effusion caused by amlodipine in a dog with systemic hypertension.

Objective: The aim of this report is to document the case of a dog that developed pleural effusion as a potential side-effect to the administration of a high-dose of amlodipine.

Case Summary: A Yorkshire terrier dog (13-year-old, castrated male, 4.5 kg) presented with severe systemic hypertension (>200 mmHg), hyperkalaemia, and acute pancreatitis.

Canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy in a dog with renal Fanconi syndrome.

Renal Fanconi syndrome (RFS) affects the proximal tubular resorption in the nephrons. This causes excessive loss of key solutes through the urine. In a canine patient, we successfully managed the renal tubular acidosis and proteinuria caused by RFS via transplantation of canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (cAT-MSCs).

Gene expression of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of obese dogs.

Background: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been identified as a possible marker of inflammation in obesity. Understanding the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in PBMCs in obese dogs will help control obesity-related inflammatory diseases.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of PBMCs in obesity-associated chronic inflammation by analyzing the expression of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines.