Effect of ammonium acetate on alcohol fermentation in cassava-alcohol fermentation process.

The cassava-alcohol fermentation process employing cassava requires nitrogen source to maximize yields by a commercial strain of S. cerevisiae TG1348. In this study, a factorial experimental design was used to assess a suitable nitrogen source for growth and fermentative performance of S.

A Wound Treatment Strategy for "Super Long-Term Difficult-to-Heal Wounds": A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Chronic wounds are a challenge for clinicians. Treating chronic wounds in elderly patients is difficult due to comorbidities and poor immunity, tissue renewal, and regeneration. This study shared the therapeutic experiences of 40 patients with super long-term difficult-to-heal wounds and to describe the effects of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT)-assisted debridement and autologous scalp grafting.

Management of a Rare Case With Severe Hydrofluoric Acid Burns: Important Roles of Neutralizers and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy.

Hydrofluoric acid (HF), a dangerous inorganic acid, is widely used in various industries and in daily life. Chemical burns caused by HF exposure occur more frequently in some regions worldwide. It has been reported that some cases with HF burns can be lethal due to the hypertoxicity of HF.

Hydrofluoric acid burns in the western Zhejiang Province of China: a 10-year epidemiological study.

Background: Chemical burns caused by hydrofluoric acid (HF) frequently occur in the Western Zhejiang Province. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of HF burns within this region.

Methods: A 10-year retrospective analysis was conducted using data from all inpatients with HF burns.

Early and Thorough Wound Debridement Is Crucial for Treatment of Patients With Thermal Burns and para-Chloronitrobenzene Poisoning.

para-Chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB) is one of the important chemicals with high liposolubility and oxidizing properties. Heated p-CNB liquid can cause thermal injury by absorption over skin and wound and even methemoglobinemia by conversion of hemoglobin into methemoglobin. Severe methemoglobinemia is a life-threatening condition that demands immediate treatment.

Ten-year epidemiology of chemical burns in western Zhejiang Province, China.

Background: Chemical burns occur frequently in western Zhejiang Province. This study documents the epidemiology of chemical burns in the region using burn data from a local specialized hospital. Results from this analysis will assist in the planning of prevention strategies for high-risk occupations and groups.

Management of a patient with thermal burns and para-chloronitrobenzene poisoning.

Para-chloronitrobenzene (p-CNB), a hazardous and toxic substance, is widely used as an intermediary in chemical industries. p-CNB can cause methaemoglobinaemia due to electron-withdrawing properties of the nitro and chlorine groups. We present a case of a 23-year-old man suffering from thermal burns and p-CNB poisoning.

A review of treatment strategies for hydrofluoric acid burns: current status and future prospects.

Hydrofluoric acid (HF), a dangerous inorganic acid, can cause severe corrosive effects and systemic toxicity. HF enters the human body via where it contacts, such as skin and mucosa, alimentary and respiratory tracts, and ocular surfaces. In the recent years, the incidence of HF burn has tended to increase over time.

Clinical arterial infusion of calcium gluconate: the preferred method for treating hydrofluoric acid burns of distal human limbs.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the efficiency and safety of arterial infusions of calcium gluconate to treat hydrofluoric (HF) acid burns of the distal human limbs.

Materials And Methods: Eligible patients with HF burn limbs, collected from January 2008 to October 2011, were given the arterial infusion of calcium gluconate into the injured limbs. The measures of pain were conducted before the infusion, immediately after the infusion, 4 h after the infusion, and 2 days after the infusion by the visual analogy score (VAS).

Tandem PCR: a novel and efficient unit amplification model for the preparation of small DNA fragments.

The present DNA marker preparation with PCR amplification, one primer pair for one target DNA fragment, was very tedious and labor intensive. To develop a simple and efficient system for the preparation of small DNA fragments, a novel PCR amplification pattern was designed and tested, of which targeted small DNA fragments were amplified in groups as a unit with a specific synthetic vector as template DNA. The amplified units can be different dependent on the identities of the employed primers and give out variable combinations of small DNA fragments through complete or partial restrictive digestion with EcoRI.

Characterization of methyltransferase properties of Escherichia coli YabC protein with an enzyme-coupled colorimetric assay.

An enzyme-coupled colorimetric assay for S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase (MT) was established to characterize the enzymatic identity of YabC protein from Escherichia coli. Results showed that the MT activity of YabC is able to be effectively detected with this coupling assay system when filamentous cell lysates from an S-adenosylmethionine synthetase mutant, MEW402metK84, were employed as the source of methylation target, whereas no activity exhibited under same conditions from lysates from E. coli normal shape cells.

pYEMF, a pUC18-derived XcmI T-vector for efficient cloning of PCR products.

A 1330-bp DNA sequence with two XcmI cassettes was inserted into pUC18 to construct an efficient XcmI T-vector parent plasmid, pYEMF. The large size of the inserted DNA fragment improved T-vector cleavage efficiency, and guaranteed good separation of the molecular components after restriction digestion. The pYEMF-T-vector generated from parent plasmid pYEMF permits blue/white colony screening; cloning efficiency analysis showed that most white colonies (>75%) were putative transformants which carried the cloning product.

Novel strategies to construct complex synthetic vectors to produce DNA molecular weight standards.

DNA molecular weight standards (DNA markers, nucleic acid ladders) are commonly used in molecular biology laboratories as references to estimate the size of various DNA samples in electrophoresis process. One method of DNA marker production is digestion of synthetic vectors harboring multiple DNA fragments of known sizes by restriction enzymes. In this article, we described three novel strategies-sequential DNA fragment ligation, screening of ligation products by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with end primers, and "small fragment accumulation"-for constructing complex synthetic vectors and minimizing the mass differences between DNA fragments produced from restrictive digestion of synthetic vectors.

Cloning, characterization, and transformation of the phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase gene (ZmPEAMT1) in maize (Zea mays L.).

N-methylation of phosphoethanolamine, the committing step in choline (Cho) biosynthesis in plants, is catalyzed by S-adenosyl-L-methionine: phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEAMT, EC 2.1.1.

[Cloning of GmHSFA1 gene and its overexpression leading to enhancement of heat tolerance in transgenic soybean].

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are important in regulating heat stress response by mediating expression of heat shock protein (HSP) genes in various plant species. In the present study, a novel GmHSFA1 with an ORF of 1,533 bp (full-length cDNA sequence of 1,781 bp) was cloned from soybean genome via comparative genomic approach and RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends). This gene encodes 510 amino acids consisting of a protein of 56.

Identification and characterization of a novel heat shock transcription factor gene, GmHsfA1, in soybeans (Glycine max).

Plants have a large family of HSFs with different roles in the heat shock response that mediate the expression of HSP regulated genes. The HSF encoding genes are easily identified by their highly conserved modular structure and motifs. In the present study, a putative GmHsfA1 was identified and characterized from the soybean expressed sequence tag (EST) database by sequence comparison with the functionally well-characterized LpHsfA1 and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE).