Longitudinal transcriptional changes reveal genes from the natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway as critical players underlying COVID-19 progression.

Patients present a wide range of clinical severities in response severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, but the underlying molecular and cellular reasons why clinical outcomes vary so greatly within the population remains unknown. Here, we report that negative clinical outcomes in severely ill patients were associated with divergent RNA transcriptome profiles in peripheral immune cells compared with mild cases during the first weeks after disease onset. Protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that early-responding cytotoxic natural killer cells were associated with an effective clearance of the virus and a less severe outcome.

IgG targeting distinct seasonal coronavirus- conserved SARS-CoV-2 spike subdomains correlates with differential COVID-19 disease outcomes.

Despite SARS-CoV-2 being a "novel" virus, early detection of anti-spike IgG in severe COVID-19 patients may be caused by the amplification of humoral memory responses against seasonal coronaviruses. Here, we examine this phenomenon by characterizing anti-spike IgG responses in non-hospitalized convalescent individuals across a spectrum of COVID-19 severity. We observe that disease severity positively correlates with anti-spike IgG levels, IgG cross-reactivity against other betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs), and FcγR activation.

Sustained Antibody-Dependent NK Cell Functions in Mild COVID-19 Outpatients During Convalescence.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19) pandemic has left researchers scrambling to identify the humoral immune correlates of protection from COVID-19. To date, the antibody mediated correlates of virus neutralization have been extensively studied. However, the extent that non-neutralizing functions contribute to anti-viral responses are ill defined.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of people living with HIV hospitalized with COVID-19: a nationwide experience.

In this prospective, multicentric, observational study, we describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of people living with HIV (PLHIV) requiring hospitalization due to COVID-19 in Chile and compare them with Chilean general population admitted with SARS-CoV-2. Consecutive PLHIV admitted with COVID-19 in 23 hospitals, between 16 April and 23 June 2020, were included. Data of a temporally matched-hospitalized general population were used to compare demography, comorbidities, COVID-19 symptoms, and major outcomes.

Is it worth adding loperamide to antibiotic treatment of traveler’s diarrhea?

Travelers' diarrhea is a frequent condition, especially in those traveling to high-risk areas. Although antibiotic treatment reduces the duration of diarrhea, it has been suggested adding loperamide could further reduce the symptoms. To answer this question we used Epistemonikos, the largest database of systematic reviews in health, which is maintained by screening multiple information sources, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, among others.

Are probiotics effective to prevent traveler’s diarrhea?

La diarrea aguda es la enfermedad más común que afecta a los viajeros, principalmente aquellos que se dirigen a regiones de alto riesgo. El uso de probióticos podría prevenir su aparición, sin embargo, los datos que apoyan su uso no son consistentes y no se recomiendan en las guías clínicas actuales. Utilizando la base de datos Epistemonikos, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples bases de datos, identificamos cuatro revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen siete estudios aleatorizados pertinentes a esta pregunta.