Virome and bacteriome characterization of children with pneumonia and asthma in Mexico City during winter seasons 2014 and 2015.

Background: Acute asthma exacerbations and pneumonia are important causes of morbidity and mortality in children and may coexist in the same children, although symptom overlap may lead to difficulties in diagnosis. Microbial and viral diversity and differential abundance of either may play an important role in infection susceptibility and the development of acute and chronic respiratory diseases.

Objectives: To describe the virome and bacteriome present in the upper respiratory tract of hospitalized children with a clinical diagnosis of asthma and pneumonia during an acute exacerbation and an acute respiratory illness ARI episode respectively.

EV-D68 infection in children with asthma exacerbation and pneumonia in Mexico City during 2014 autumn.

Background: Human enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) recently caused an increase in mild-to-severe pediatric respiratory cases in North America and some European countries. Even though few of these children presented with acute paralytic disease, direct causal relationship cannot yet be assumed.

Objectives: The purposes of this report were to describe the clinical findings of an outbreak of EV-D68 infection in Mexico City and identify the genetic relationship with previously reported strains.

Detection and characterization of respiratory viruses causing acute respiratory illness and asthma exacerbation in children during three different seasons (2011-2014) in Mexico City.

Background: Viral infections play a significant role in causing acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and exacerbations of chronic diseases. Acute respiratory infections are now the leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, especially in developing countries. Recently, human rhinovirus (HRV) infection has been emerged as an important cause of pneumonia and asthma exacerbation.

[Cellular restriction factors that inhibit human immunodeficiency virus replication: new strategies in antiretroviral therapy].

Human immunodeficiency virus requires receptors and cellular factors in target cells in order to complete a successful replication. Conversely, host cells express different proteins like TRIM5a, Tetherin BST-2, as well as cytidine deaminase proteins (APOBEC3) to suppress viral replication. These proteins, known as cellular restriction factors, provide an initial defense against infection as components of the innate immune response.