What's new in the pediatric spine?

Introduction: The field of pediatric spine surgery has encountered major changes and evolutions lately, with new treatment options available and the development of enabling technologies. This article aims to summarize the most relevant recent literature.

Materials And Methods: The five most relevant topics were selected and assigned to one or two authors who performed a comprehensive Pubmed database search for articles published in the last 4 years (2021-2024).

Agronomic biofortification of genetically biofortified wheat genotypes with zinc, selenium, iodine, and iron under field conditions.

Inherently low concentrations of zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), iodine (I), and selenium (Se) in wheat ( L.) grains represent a major cause of micronutrient malnutrition (hidden hunger) in human populations. Genetic biofortification represents a highly useful solution to this problem.

Epidemiology of Pediatric Fractures and Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Fracture Incidence in Türkiye: A Nationwide Analysis of 2 Million Fractures.

Background: Childhood fractures are an important public health issue worldwide as they potentially lead to long-term complications. This is the first study reporting a nationwide data pool of 2 million children. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of pediatric fractures by sex, age, geographical region, and socioeconomic status (SES).

The development of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS): Worldwide contributions and publication trends.

Purpose: Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) concept is widely used in both emergency medicine (EM) and intensive care medicine (ICM). This study aimed to analyze the scientific articles on POCUS published by statistical methods and to evaluate the subject holistically.

Methods: This study is bibliographical, descriptive, and analytical in nature.

Evaluation of Catatonia with Different Assessment Scales in Psychiatry and Neurology.

Objective: Catatonia is a syndrome that can be missed in clinical settings. Diagnosis of catatonia is important because the condition can be reversible and is associated with severe complications. This study aims to screen patients with catatonia admitted to a university hospital's psychiatry and neurology services, examine their characteristics, and compare the coverage of different catatonia scales.

Comparison of Surgical and Conservative Treatments for Gartland Type II Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: Evaluation of the Need for Surgical Treatment.

Background: Supracondylar humerus fractures (SHFs) are common pediatric injuries, with type II fractures being a topic of debate regarding optimal treatment. Our goals are to compare the functional and radiographic outcomes of conservative and surgical treatment of type II SHFs and their subgroups and to identify parameters for determining the optimal treatment option.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a total of 55 patients (23 conservative, 32 surgical) between 2010 and 2020.

Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Pediatric Cardiac Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survivors With Central Cannulation.

Extracorporeal life support, such as pediatric cardiac extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), is associated with significant mortality and morbidity risk. This study evaluated cardiac ECMO survivors with central cannulation and found that 51.1% were discharged from the hospital.

Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis: Further expanding the ROBO3 spectrum.

Objective: Horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder resulting from axonal midline crossing defect due to variants in ROBO3.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated demographics, clinical phenotype, course of spinal deformities, and neuroimaging findings of six Turkish patients with HGPPS. We performed targeted gene testing by next-generation sequencing.

Composites of Titanium-Molybdenum Mixed Oxides and Non-Traditional Carbon Materials: Innovative Supports for Platinum Electrocatalysts for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells.

TiO-based mixed oxide-carbon composite support for Pt electrocatalysts provides higher stability and CO tolerance under the working conditions of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells compared to traditional carbon supports. Non-traditional carbon materials like graphene nanoplatelets and graphite oxide used as the carbonaceous component of the composite can contribute to its affordability and/or functionality. TiMoO-C composites involving these carbon materials were prepared through a sol-gel route; the effect of the extension of the procedure through a solvothermal treatment step was assessed.

Impact of Spinal Surgery on Intrathecal Nusinersen Injections in Pediatric Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Background: Complex spinal deformities necessitate surgical interventions that may intervene with intrathecal injections in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). This study aimed to determine the effect of spinal deformity correction surgery on nusinersen administration.

Methods: Pediatric patients with SMA, operated by a single surgeon, either via magnetically controlled growing rod (MCGR) or definitive fusion (DF) with skip instrumentation, were evaluated retrospectively in terms of safety and feasibility of intrathecal injections.

Parent-patient Discrepancies in the Quality of Life Assessment of Early-onset Scoliosis: A Comparison Between 2 Questionnaires Completed on 2 Different Time Points - A Preliminary Report.

Background: EOSQ-24 is a parent proxy questionnaire designed to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) patients during their childhood years. EOSQ-SELF, a novel self-reported questionnaire, assesses HRQoL in older children (>8 y) and adolescents. So far, the same group of EOS patients has not been evaluated with both EOSQ-24 and EOSQ-SELF.

A Unique Emotional Surgery: Removal of Unexploded Ordnance in a Patient With Vascular Injury.

Cases of embedded unexploded ordnance are extremely rare and pose a risk to bystanders and health providers. A patient arrived at the Role 2 medical facility in the Turkish army, whose left arm was amputated due to a terrorist attack and major hemorrhages had been halted by clamping of the left subclavian artery and vein. A piece of metal wire running from the lateral chest wall was detected as an unexploded ordnance piece and it was removed surgically.

February 6, Kahramanmaraş earthquakes and the disaster management algorithm of adult emergency medicine in Turkey: An experience review.

This compilation covers emergency medical management lessons from the February 6 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes. The objective is to review relevant literature on emergency services patient management, focusing on Koenig's 1996 Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) and Secondary Assessment of Victim Endpoint (SAVE) frameworks. Establishing a comprehensive seismic and mass casualty incident (MCI) protocol chain is the goal.

Correlations between Dental Age, Skeletal Age, and Mandibular Morphologic Index Changes in Turkish Children in Eastern Anatolia and Their Chronological Age during the Pubertal Growth Spurt Period: A Cross-Sectional Study.

In age determination, different methods aiming to obtain the closest result to chronological age have been investigated so far. The most commonly used one among these is the radiological method, which is usually used to evaluate the developmental stages of wrist bones or teeth. In our study, we assessed bone age estimations using the Gilsanz-Ratib atlas (GRA), which has recently become commonly used for children aged 9 to 15 years; evaluated the dental age, determined with Cameriere's European method; conducted morphometric measurements of the mandibular bone; and then examined their relationships with chronological age.

Effect of a cervical collar on optic nerve sheath diameter in trauma patients.

Background: As advocated in advanced trauma life support and prehospital trauma life support protocols, cervical immobilization is applied until cervical spine injury is excluded. This study aimed to show the difference in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) between patients with and without a cervical collar using computed tomography (CT).

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study examining trauma patients who presented to the emergency department between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2021.

Safety and efficacy of growth-friendly instrumentation for early-onset scoliosis in patients with spinal muscular atrophy type 1 in the disease-modifying treatment era.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety of growth-friendly instrumentation for early-onset scoliosis (EOS) in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 1 who received disease-modifying treatment (DMT) and analyze short-term efficacy.

Methods: Retrospective search was conducted between 2017 and 2023. Patients with genetically confirmed SMA type 1 who were surgically treated for spinal deformity and receiving DMTs (nusinersen, risdiplam, or onasemnogene abeparvovec) were included.

The accuracy of the Hounsfield unit in pulmonary embolism diagnostics.

Objective: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a vascular disease that is most frequently diagnosed using the radiological imaging technique computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA). In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the diagnostic accuracy of the Hounsfield unit (HU) for PE based on the hypothesis that acute thrombosis causes an increase in HU value on CT.

Methods: This research was a single-center, retrospective study.

Predicting COVID-19 Outcomes: Machine Learning Predictions Across Diverse Datasets.

Background The COVID-19 infection has spread rapidly since its emergence and has affected a large part of the global population. With the increasing number of cases, researchers are trying to predict the prognosis of patients by using different data with artificial intelligence methods such as machine learning (ML). In this study, we aimed to predict mortality risk in COVID-19 patients using ML algorithms with different datasets.

Analysis of Isotretinoin-Induced Alterations in the Levels of Plasma Trace Elements: Investigation of the Relationship Between Magnesium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Zinc, and Treatment-Related Side Effects.

Isotretinoin is an effective treatment against acne vulgaris, but it also causes many side effects during and after the treatment. The relationship between the changes in the levels of plasma trace elements of patients with AV after 3 months of isotretinoin treatment and the side effects was investigated in the study. Plasma samples of 35 patients were collected before and after isotretinoin treatment.

12 Psychiatrists who Shaped Psychiatry in Turkey in the Republic's First Century.

Who are the influential figures that molded Turkish Psychiatry into what it is today? This review introduces 12 psychiatrists who shaped psychiatry in Turkey during the first century of the Republic. The article presents Rasit Tahsin, the first neuropsychiatrist who establish an academic psychiatry department in Turkey; Mazhar Osman, who had so much influence that his name became a phrase to describe the mentally ill, and still lives on with the institutions he built; Ihsan Sukru, the founder of neuropathology in Turkey, a historical figure in viral encephalitis research; Fahrettin Kerim Gokay, famous for his political career and his fight against alcohol and tobacco; Rasim Adasal, a Cretian who is a cornerstone in Ankara psychiatry and a well-known figure in Turkish society life; Abdulkadir Ozbek, who introduced psychodrama to Anatolia-his 'earth'; Leyla Zileli, who disseminated psychoanalysis from Ankara to Turkey; Orhan Ozturk, a founding figure for the Journal, the Association, and Hacettepe; Ayhan Songar, a prominent figure in society and also in state bureaucracy; Ozcan Koknel, the amiable face of psychiatry in society and a respected voice; Oğuz Arkonaç, a vigorous advocate for the establishment of contemporary psychiatry with DSM III in Bakırköy and then in Turkey; and Gunsel Koptagel-Ilal, who progressed the work in the psychosomatics as one of Turkey's first female psychiatry academics. As with any list, we acknowledge that absolute consensus is not possible; we are preparing a more extensive selection to be published as a book next year.