Risk Factors Associated With Lymph Node Metastasis and Recurrence in Surgical Cases of pT1 Colorectal Cancer.

Objective This study aims to investigate the risk factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) and postoperative recurrence in patients undergoing surgery for pT1 colorectal cancer (pT1-CRC). Materials and methods We retrospectively analyzed 150 patients who underwent bowel resection with lymph node dissection for pT1-CRC at our department between September 2011 and December 2021. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the effects of sex, depth of tumor invasion, venous invasion, lymphatic invasion, tumor budding (BD), and histological type on LNM and recurrence.

The importance of microvascular invasion in patients with non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm.

Background/objectives: The oncological importance of lymphatic, microvascular, and perineural invasions and their association with outcomes in patients with non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (NF-PanNEN) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the role of these factors in the prognosis of patients with NF-PanNEN.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 115 patients who underwent curative resection and were pathologically and clinically diagnosed with NF-PanNEN.

PIKFYVE inhibition induces endosome- and lysosome-derived vacuole enlargement via ammonium accumulation.

FYVE-type zinc finger-containing phosphoinositide kinase (PIKFYVE), that is essential for PtdIns(3,5)P2 production, is an important regulator of lysosomal homeostasis. PIKFYVE dysfunction leads to cytoplasmic vacuolization; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we explored the cause of vacuole enlargement upon PIKFYVE inhibition in DU145 prostate cancer cells.

Evaluation of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity using progesterone and androgen receptors-mediated transactivation.

3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3β-HSDs) catalyze the oxidative conversion of delta (5)-ene-3-beta-hydroxy steroids and ketosteroids. Human 3β-HSD type 2 (HSD3B2) is predominantly expressed in gonadal and adrenal steroidogenic cells for producing all classes of active steroid hormones. Mutations in HSD3B2 gene cause a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with varying degree of salt wasting and incomplete masculinization, resulting from reduced production of corticoids and androgens.

How does the citizens' choice of water use actions based on their empirical knowledge affect the water quality in a rural community of the Philippines?

This research assessed water quality, based on the purpose of water consumption, in households in the municipality of Barbaza, the Province of Antique, Philippines, according to the national water quality guidelines. The effects of the empirical/traditional water use actions taken by local people on the quality of the water they use were investigated through a descriptive study using water quality measurements. Most of the drinking water in the community did not meet the required standards of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), or coliform.

Acyl modifications in bovine, porcine, and equine ghrelins.

Ghrelin is a peptide hormone with various important physiological functions. The unique feature of ghrelin is its serine 3 acyl-modification, which is essential for ghrelin activity. The major form of ghrelin is modified with n-octanoic acid (C8:0) by ghrelin O-acyltransferase.

Histology and chronological magnetic resonance images of congenital spinal deformity: An experimental study in mice model.

Background: The natural history of the congenital spinal deformity and its clinical magnitude vary widely in human species. However, we previously reported that the spinal deformities of congenital scoliosis mice did not progress throughout our observational period according to soft X-ray and MRI data. In this study, congenital vertebral and intervertebral malformations in mice were assessed via magnetic resonance (MR) and histological images.

Diversity of Androgens; Comparison of Their Significance and Characteristics in Vertebrate Species.

Androgen(s) is one of the sex steroids that are involved in many physiological phenomena of vertebrate species. Although androgens were originally identified as male sex hormones, it is well known now that they are also essential in females. As in the case of other steroid hormones, androgen is produced from cholesterol through serial enzymatic reactions.

Identification of patients at high risk for recurrence in carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater: Analysis in 460 patients.

Aim: Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater (CAV) shows a favorable prognosis compared to that with the other periampullary tumors, while some cases have a poor prognosis. The aims of the present study are to clarify the clinicopathological factors associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with CAV after curative resection and to validate the usefulness of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC).

Patients: The study design is a multicenter retrospective cohort study.

[365 Days in Newly Opened Cancer Treatment Center in Core Hospital of Mountainous Area].

The declining birthrate and aging population is one of the social issues in mountainous area in Japan. One regional core hospital at Aizu area in Fukushima prefecture opened cancer treatment center in these area in July, 2022. A high-performance radiation therapy system was newly installed and operated with the staff of Fukushima Medical University, and several supportive therapy for cancer chemotherapy including appearance care became possible in the center.

Prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer with postoperative regional lymph node recurrence.

Background: Regional lymph node recurrence after radical surgery for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an oligo-recurrent disease; however, no treatment strategy has been established. In the present study we aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of postoperative regional lymph node recurrence and identify prognostic predictors in the era of molecular-targeted therapy.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data on clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with regional lymph node recurrence after surgery who underwent treatment for NSCLC between 2002 and 2022.

Development of the human medullary arcuate nucleus from mid-gestation to the perinatal period: A morphometric study.

Introduction: Development of the human medullary arcuate nucleus (AN) has not been sufficiently investigated. The present study provides morphometric data by examining the brains from preterm and perinatal infants.

Materials And Methods: Nine brains were obtained from infants aged 21-43 postmenstrual weeks (PW).

Unencapsulated thymoma: a case report.

Thymomas, the most common mediastinal tumors, form capsules. Only a few reports have presented small thymomas without capsule formation, so-called microthymomas. Here, we report a case of an unencapsulated thymoma measuring 18 mm.

Multilayered Gel-Spotting Device for Reconstruction of Hair Follicle-like Microstructure.

Hair follicles play an important role in hair development. This study aimed to develop a microgel-spotting device to fabricate a multilayered gel bead culture model and to mimic the early development of skin appendages to regenerate hair follicles . The model consists of an alginate gel layer containing cytokines as the core layer, a collagen gel layer containing mouse embryonic stem cells as the middle layer, and a collagen gel layer containing fetus-derived epidermal cells as the outer layer.

Serum steroid metabolite profiling by LC-MS/MS in two phenotypic male patients with HSD17B3 deficiency: Implications for hormonal diagnosis.

Although 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (HSD17B3) deficiency is diagnosed when a testosterone/androstenedione (T/A-dione) ratio after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation is below 0.8, this cut-off value is primarily based on hormonal data measured by conventional immunoassay (IA) in patients with feminized or ambiguous genitalia. We examined two 46,XY Japanese patients with undermasculinized genitalia including hypospadias (patient 1 and patient 2).

NG2-positive pericytes regulate homeostatic maintenance of slow-type skeletal muscle with rapid myonuclear turnover.

Background: Skeletal muscle comprises almost 40% of the human body and is essential for movement, structural support and metabolic homeostasis. Size of multinuclear skeletal muscle is stably maintained under steady conditions with the sporadic fusion of newly produced myocytes to compensate for the muscular turnover caused by daily wear and tear. It is becoming clear that microvascular pericytes (PCs) exhibit myogenic activity.

The ultrastructural function of MLN64 in the late endosome-mitochondria membrane contact sites in placental cells.

The close apposition between two different organelles is critical in essential processes such as ion homeostasis, signaling, and lipid transition. However, information related to the structural features of membrane contact sites (MCSs) is limited. This study used immuno-electron microscopy and immuno-electron tomography (I-ET) to analyze the two- and three-dimensional structures of the late endosome-mitochondria contact sites in placental cells.

Autoimmune alopecia areata due to thymoma without myasthenia gravis: a case report.

Background: Thymoma is associated with autoimmune diseases. Myasthenia gravis is frequently associated with thymoma, but cases of thymoma complicated by alopecia areata are very rare. In this report, we present a case of thymoma associated with alopecia areata, but without Myasthenia gravis.

Clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes of lobectomy combined with segmentectomy: a cohort study.

Background: Segmentectomy is a standard procedure, and there is considerable data on routine segmentectomies. However, there are only few reports on lobectomy performed in combination with segmentectomy (lobectomy + segmentectomy). Thus, we aimed to clarify the clinicopathological features and surgical outcomes of lobectomy + segmentectomy.