Enhanced Survival of Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia-Dysplastic over Proliferative Subtype after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant: A Tertiary Center Experience and Literature Review.

Introduction: CMML is a rare neoplasm with overlapping myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative features whose only potential cure is allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT).

Methods: This retrospective study examined 27 CMML patients with high-risk clinical features who underwent first allo-HCT at our institution between 2004 and 2022.

Results: Nineteen patients were diagnosed with the proliferative subtype (CMML-MPN) and 8 with the dysplastic subtype (CMML-MDS).

A retrospective validation of the IPSS-M molecular score in primary and therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).

A molecular scoring system (IPSS-M) was recently proposed for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). We conducted a retrospective study of adults with MDS referred 2019-2021. The primary outcomes were leukemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS).

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndromes: The Current Landscape and Future Directions.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are characterized by a clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells with potential life-threatening cytopenia(s) and transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. Individualized risk stratification is evolving with new molecular models, such as the Molecular International Prognostic Scoring System, for better estimation of leukemic transformation and overall survival. The only potential cure for MDSs is allogeneic transplant, although it is underutilized in MDSs because of advanced patient age and multiple comorbidities.

Post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation immune-mediated anemia: a literature review and novel therapeutics.

Anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be immune or non-immune mediated. Auto- or alloimmunity resulting from blood group incompatibility remains an important cause in post-HSCT immune-mediated anemia. ABO incompatibility is commonly encountered in HSCT and may lead to serious clinical complications, including acute hemolysis, pure red cell aplasia, and passenger lymphocyte syndrome.

Successful treatment of thrombocytopenia with daratumumab after allogeneic transplant: a case report and literature review.

A source of treatment refractoriness in immune cytopenias appears to be residual CD138/38-positive lymphocyte populations. A short course of daratumumab is a novel treatment of refractory thrombocytopenia after failure of standard treatment options.

Transfusion-Associated Circulatory Overload: A Clinical Perspective.

For 30 years, transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) has been recognized as a serious transfusion complication. Currently, TACO is the leading cause of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality worldwide which occurs in 1% to 12% of at-risk populations. Despite an incomplete understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, TACO is defined as a collection of signs and symptoms of acute pulmonary edema due to circulatory overload occurring within 6 to 12 hours of transfusion.

Transfusion-associated circulatory overload-a systematic review of diagnostic biomarkers.

Background: Transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO) is the leading cause of transfusion-related major morbidity and mortality. Diagnosing TACO is difficult because there are no pathognomonic signs and symptoms. TACO biomarkers may aid in diagnosis, decrease time to treatment, and differentiate from other causes of posttransfusion dyspnea such a transfusion-related acute lung injury.

Clinical Outcomes With Ring Sideroblasts and SF3B1 Mutations in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: MDS Clinical Research Consortium Analysis.

Background: Recurrent somatic mutations in SF3B1 have been identified in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and are associated with ring sideroblasts (RS) and relatively favorable clinical outcomes. The 2016 World Health Organization classification categorizes patients with ≥ 5% RS and SF3B1 mutation as MDS-RS, in contrast to its prior MDS-RS classification (≥ 15% RS, no genotyping data). Treatment responses in MDS patients with mutated SF3B1 are not well described.

Immunohistochemical expression and prognostic value of PD-L1 in Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma: a single institution experience.

Background: Extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas (ESCC) are rare but aggressive tumors. Relapses are common despite treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Prospective data for treatment of ESCC are lacking; treatment of these cancers usually incorporates lung small cell carcinoma treatment recommendations.

Disparities in conditional net survival among non-Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: a population-based analysis.

We evaluated the association of baseline prognostic factors with conditional net survival among survivors of six subtypes non-Hodgkin lymphoma using the SEER program data from 2000-2012. Among 2-year survivors, further prognosis markedly improved in Burkitt's (BL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and became the same as for follicular lymphoma (5-year net survival ≥ 85%). Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) demonstrated the worst prognosis of all studied histologies up to 5 years of survivorship.

Acute myeloid leukemia in the vascular niche.

The greatest challenge in treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is refractory disease. With approximately 60-80% of AML patients dying of relapsed disease, there is an urgent need to define and target mechanisms of drug resistance. Unfortunately, targeting cell-intrinsic resistance has failed to improve clinical outcomes in AML.

The novel immunotherapeutic oligodeoxynucleotide IMT504 protects neutropenic animals from fatal Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia and sepsis.

IMT504 is a novel immunomodulatory oligonucleotide that has shown immunotherapeutic properties in early preclinical and clinical studies. IMT504 was tested in a neutropenic rat model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia and sepsis. This animal system recapitulates many of the pathological processes found in neutropenic patients with Gram-negative, bacterial infections.

Adjuvant chemotherapy in T1a/bN0 HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancers: application and outcomes.

We assessed practice patterns and the impact of systemic adjuvant therapy on human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive or triple-negative, node-negative breast cancers up to 10 mm in size. Records of 161 patients identified among 1415 cases diagnosed in our institutions between 2000 and 2010 were assessed for factors associated with recommendation for chemotherapy and survival outcomes. Adjuvant chemotherapy was recommended in 53% of patients, more commonly in patients with younger age, stage T1b, high grade, HER2+/ER- status and diagnosis after 2006.

Effects of adjuvant chemotherapy in HER2-positive or triple-negative pT1ab breast cancers: a multi-institutional retrospective study.

Previous studies have reported higher recurrence rates in T1a/b N0 breast cancers characterized by high-risk biology (HER2+ or triple-negative), but the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy in these patients have not been established. This study was designed to determine whether recurrence risk is reduced with chemotherapy and to define a group of patients most appropriate for treatment based on retrospective data. We pooled cases from two multi-institutional databases spanning the period of 1996-2010.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria presenting with a left intraventricular thrombus in a patient with prior thymoma and aplastic anemia.

We report the case of a 37-year old man presenting with a left ventricular cardiac thrombus in the setting of subclinical paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinura (PNH) developing two years after immunosuppressive therapy for thymoma-associated aplastic anemia. The literature regarding the interplay between autoimmunity and immunosuppression, aplastic anemia, thymoma and the emergence of PNH is reviewed.