Prevalence, Incidence, and Age at Diagnosis of Boys With Hypospadias: A Nationwide Population-Based Epidemiological Study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic prevalence, incidence, diagnostic age, and surgical volume of hypospadias in Denmark.

Materials And Methods: Males with a hypospadias diagnosis in the Danish National Patient Registry (n = 10,276) were identified (1977-2019). A diagnostic algorithm, validated by medical file review (n = 1710), confirmed diagnoses and severity (distal/proximal).

European Association of Urology/European Society for Paediatric Urology Guidelines on Paediatric Urology: Summary of the 2024 Updates.

Background And Objective: We present an overview of the 2024 updates for the European Association of Urology (EAU)/European Society for Paediatric Urology (ESPU) guidelines on paediatric urology to offer evidence-based standards for perioperative management, minimally invasive surgery (MIS), hydrocele, congenital lower urinary tract obstruction (CLUTO), trauma/emergencies, and fertility preservation.

Methods: A broad literature search was performed for each condition. Recommendations were developed and rated as strong or weak on the basis of the quality of the evidence, the benefit/harm ratio, and potential patient preferences.

Update and Summary of the European Association of Urology/European Society of Paediatric Urology Paediatric Guidelines on Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children.

Background And Objective: The prescriptive literature on vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is still limited and thus the level of evidence is generally low. The aim of these guidelines is to provide a practical approach to the treatment of VUR that is based on risk analysis and selective indications for both diagnostic tests and interventions. We provide a 2023 update on the chapter on VUR in children from the European Association of Urology (EAU) and European Society for Paediatric Urology (ESPU) guidelines.

Surgical retrieval of transected umbilical vein catheter in an extremely preterm neonate.

Umbilical catheters are used in the care of critically ill neonates for intravenous treatment. It is generally considered a safe procedure, although complications can occur. Of these, catheter breakage and intravenous migration are rare but potentially life-threatening events.

Long-term outcomes of foreskin reconstruction in distal hypospadias; a cohort study spanning twenty years.

Introduction: Surgical correction of hypospadias aims to achieve normal functionality and appearance. This entails foreskin reconstruction (FR) in countries where the uncircumcised penis constitutes the norm. Long-term data are however scarce.

Endoscopic dilatation/incision of primary obstructive megaureter. A systematic review. On behalf of the EAU paediatric urology guidelines panel.

Introduction: Historically, ureteral reimplantation (UR) has been the gold standard for treatment of primary obstructive megaureter (POM) with declining renal function, worsening obstruction, or recurrent urinary tract infections. In infants, open surgery with reimplantation of a grossly dilated ureter into a small bladder, can be technically challenging with significant morbidity. Therefore, less invasive endoscopic management such as dilatation or incision of the ureter-vesical junction, has emerged as an alternative to reimplantation during the last decades.

Assessing timeline delays associated with utilization of ultrasound diagnostics in paediatric acute scrotum, pre and per COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Acute scrotum is a common presentation in the pediatric population and can indicate serious conditions such as testicular torsion, in which quick diagnosis and treatment is crucial for increasing the chances of a favorable outcome. During the COVID-19 pandemic, even patients with serious conditions, had delayed presentations and in-hospital management, resulting in worse outcomes.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety of ultrasound in diagnosing pediatric acute scrotum and to identify delays from onset of symptoms until surgical exploration.

[Not Available].

Paediatric urology is a subspeciality of urology, with close links to paediatric surgery. This review concludes that a holistic life-long approach to management in highly specialised treatment centres is essential for many of the rare congenital conditions - in Denmark, paediatric urology is centralised to two institutions: Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen and Aarhus University Hospital in Aarhus. Other than performing basic urology in paediatric patients, both centres specialise in complex and rare urological conditions and thus have been accredited by the European Reference Network on rare diseases through the eUrogen collaboration.

[Not Available].

This review summarises the current reconstructive urological procedures seeking to optimise urinary tract function. This includes nephrectomy to avoid complications in non-functioning kidneys and reconstruction of uretero-pelvic junction stenosis. Re-implantation of the ureters is indicated in case of reflux or stenosis.

[Robotic surgery used in urology].

Robotic surgery has been used in urology for more than two decades. It is a minimally invasive procedure with less morbidity, mortality and length of hospital stay compared to open surgery. The advantage of robotic surgery has led to a shift in the treatment of patients with urological cancers and some benign reconstructive procedures.

Referral patterns, clinical features and management of uncorrected hypospadias in a series of adult men.

Background: Hypospadias surgery undertaken in early life often continues to impose challenges as patients age. Little is known about the natural history of uncorrected hypospadias persisting into adulthood.

Objective: To describe presenting symptoms and management strategies in men with uncorrected hypospadias referred to our national tertiary transitional clinic for congenital urological conditions.

A case of penile duplication with neonatal teratoma and bladder neck incompetence.

An 8-year-old boy presented with a duplicated penis and urinary incontinence. He had a history of a perineal teratoma which was removed during his first week of life. Examination revealed a large prepuce, 90-degree counter clockwise rotation of the penis, an orthotopic megalomeatus and an additional smaller glans dorsally.

The prognostic value of testicular microlithiasis as an incidental finding for the risk of testicular malignancy in children and the adult population: A systematic review. On behalf of the EAU pediatric urology guidelines panel.

Introduction: The exact correlation of testicular microlithiasis (TM) with benign and malignant conditions remains unknown, especially in the paediatric population. The potential association of TM with testicular malignancy in adulthood has led to controversy regarding management and follow-up.

Objective: To determine the prognostic importance of TM in children in correlation to the risk of testicular malignancy or infertility and compare the differences between the paediatric and adult population.

EAU-ESPU pediatric urology guidelines on testicular tumors in prepubertal boys.

Background: Testicular tumors in prepubertal boys account for 1-2% of all solid pediatric tumors. They have a lower incidence, a different histologic distribution and are more often benign compared to testicular tumors in the adolescent and adult group. This fundamental difference should also lead to a different approach and treatment.

[Foreskin transplantation between monozygotic twins discordant for hypospadias].

This is a case report of monozygotic twins discordant for hypospadias, where the afflicted twin, a 33-year-old male, needed extensive redo urethral reconstruction. A two-stage reconstruction was planned by using the twin brother's prepuce. The scarred urethra was replaced by the isograft, and one year later the second stage was completed.

Update of the EAU/ESPU guidelines on urinary tract infections in children.

Introduction/background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in children and require appropriate diagnostic evaluation, management and follow-up.

Objective: To provide a summary of the updated European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on Pediatric Urology, which were first published in 2015 in European Urology.

Study Design: A structured literature review was performed of new publications between 2015 and 2020 for UTIs in children.

Ileal Neoappendicostomy in the Treatment of Fecal Incontinence in Children.

Introduction:  An antegrade colonic enema (ACE) via an appendicostomy has been shown to be effective in the management of functional bowel problems. In cases with a missing appendix, a neoappendicostomy may be considered.

Materials And Methods:  A retrospective review of clinical outcomes in children who underwent ileal neoappendicostomy for ACE.

EAU/ESPU guidelines on the management of neurogenic bladder in children and adolescent part II operative management.

Background: Treatment in children and adolescents with a neurogenic bladder is primarily conservative with the goal of preserving the upper urinary tract combined with a good reservoir function of the bladder. However, sometimes-even in childhood-conservative management does not prevent the development of a low-compliant bladder or overactive detrusor.

Material & Methods: After a systematic literature review covering the period 2000-2017, the ESPU/EUAU guideline for neurogenic bladder underwent an update.

EAU/ESPU guidelines on the management of neurogenic bladder in children and adolescent part I diagnostics and conservative treatment.

Background: In childhood, the most common reason for a neurogenic bladder is related to spinal dysraphism, mostly myelodysplasia.

Aims: Herein, we present the EAU/ESPU guidelines in respect to the diagnostics, timetable for investigations and conservative management including clean intermittent catheterization (CIC).

Material And Methods: After a systematic literature review covering the period 2000 to 2017, the ESPU/EUAU guideline for neurogenic bladder underwent an update.

Syringocele: a retrospective study and review of the literature.

A syringocele is a cystic dilation of the ducts from the bulbourethral glands located in the bulbous part of the male urethra. It is a rare condition primarily reported in children and young adults. The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic pattern and management strategy in patients of all ages diagnosed with syringocele.