Identification and Construction of a R-loop Mediated Diagnostic Model and Associated Immune Microenvironment of COPD through Machine Learning and Single-Cell Transcriptomics.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory airway disease with high incidence and significant disease burden. R-loops, functional chromatin structure formed during transcription, are closely associated with inflammation due to its aberrant formation. However, the role of R-loop regulators (RLRs) in COPD remains unclear.

Hierarchical Targeting Nanodrug with Holistic DNA Protection for Effective Treatment of Acute Kidney Injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) manifests a hallmark pathological feature of extensive and severe DNA damage in renal tubules, primarily induced by the excessive of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the mitochondrial electron transport chain. The kidney's complex intricate physiological architecture and the heterogeneous intracellular environment pose significant challenges for effective sequential and high-resolution drug delivery-an urgent issue that remains unresolved. To address this, a hierarchical-targeting antioxidant nanodrug has been developed with a folic acid moiety (HAND) designed for high-resolution drug delivery in AKI treatment.

Inhibiting Mitochondrial Damage for Efficient Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Through Sequential Targeting Nanomedicine of Neuronal Mitochondria in Affected Brain Tissue.

Oxidative stress, predominantly from neuronal mitochondrial damage and the resultant cytokine storm, is central to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). However, delivering drugs to neuronal mitochondria remains challenging due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which impedes drug entry into affected brain tissues. This study introduces an innovative tannic acid (TA) and melanin-modified heteropolyacid nanomedicine (MHT), which highly specifically eliminates the neuronal mitochondrial reactive oxygen radicals burst to efficiently reduce neuronal mitochondrial damage through a strategically designed sequential targeting strategy from affected brain tissue to neuronal mitochondria.

Controlling nutritional status score in the prediction of cardiovascular disease prevalence, all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease population: NHANES 1999-2018.

Background: Malnutrition is prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and associated with adverse outcomes, while COPD is intricately linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), sharing common risk factors. The controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, a promising tool for assessing malnutrition, warrants investigation into its predictive ability for cardiovascular disease prevalence and mortality in COPD patients.

Methods: Based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), this study analyzed 1501 adult COPD patients from 1999 to 2018.

Revitalizing Ancient Mitochondria with Nano-Strategies: Mitochondria-Remedying Nanodrugs Concentrate on Disease Control.

Mitochondria, widely known as the energy factories of eukaryotic cells, have a myriad of vital functions across diverse cellular processes. Dysfunctions within mitochondria serve as catalysts for various diseases, prompting widespread cellular demise. Mounting research on remedying damaged mitochondria indicates that mitochondria constitute a valuable target for therapeutic intervention against diseases.

Precisely Inhibiting Excessive Intestinal Epithelial Cell Apoptosis to Efficiently Treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Oral Pifithrin-α Embedded Nanomedicine (OPEN).

The increased incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has seriously affected the life quality of patients. IBD develops due to excessive intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis, disrupting the gut barrier, colonizing harmful bacteria, and initiating persistent inflammation. The current therapeutic approaches that reduce inflammation are limited.

Role of nutrition in patients with coexisting chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sarcopenia.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic diseases in the elderly population and is characterized by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow obstruction. During COPD progression, a variety of pulmonary and extrapulmonary complications develop, with sarcopenia being one of the most common extrapulmonary complications. Factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of coexisting COPD and sarcopenia include systemic inflammation, hypoxia, hypercapnia, oxidative stress, protein metabolic imbalance, and myocyte mitochondrial dysfunction.

Antioxidative 0-dimensional nanodrugs overcome obstacles in AKI antioxidant therapy.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a commonly encountered syndrome associated with various aetiologies and pathophysiological processes leading to enormous health risks and economic losses. In the absence of specific drugs to treat AKI, hemodialysis remains the primary clinical treatment for AKI patients. The revelation of the pathology opens new horizons for antioxidant therapy in the treatment of AKI.

Selenium Nanodots (SENDs) as Antioxidants and Antioxidant-Prodrugs to Rescue Islet β Cells in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Restoring Mitophagy and Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress.

Preventing islet β-cells death is crucial for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Currently, clinical drugs are being developed to improve the quality of T2DM care and self-care, but drugs focused on reducing islets β-cell death are lacking. Given that β-cell death in T2DM is dominated ultimately by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), eliminating excessive ROS in β-cells is a highly promising therapeutic strategy.

A NIR-II Photoactivatable "ROS Bomb" with High-Density Cu O-Supported MoS Nanoflowers for Anticancer Therapy.

The fast conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H O ) into reactive oxygen species (ROS) at tumor sites is a promising anticancer strategy by manipulating nanomedicines with near-infrared light in the second region (NIR-II). However, this strategy is greatly compromised by the powerful antioxidant capacity of tumors and the limited ROS generation rate of nanomedicines. This dilemma mainly stems from the lack of an effective synthesis method to support high-density copper-based nanocatalysts on the surface of photothermal nanomaterials.

Efficient Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) with Highly Specific and Durable Targeted Ta C Modified with Chondroitin Sulfate (TACS).

Non-invasive localization of lesions and specific targeted therapy are still the main challenges for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Ta, as a medical metal element, has been widely used in the treatment of different diseases because of its excellent physicochemical properties but is still far from being explored in IBD. Here, Ta C modified with chondroitin sulfate (CS) (TACS) is evaluated as a highly targeted therapy nanomedicine for IBD.

Corrigendum: 2D-nanomaterials for AKI treatment.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.

2D-nanomaterials for AKI treatment.

Acute kidney injury has always been considered a sword of Damocles over hospitalized patients and has received increasing attention due to its high morbidity, elevated mortality, and poor prognosis. Hence, AKI has a serious detrimental impact not only on the patients, but also on the whole society and the associated health insurance systems. Redox imbalance caused by bursts of reactive oxygen species at the renal tubules is the key cause of the structural and functional impairment of the kidney during AKI.

Oral Metal-Free Melanin Nanozymes for Natural and Durable Targeted Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).

Oral antioxidant nanozymes bring great promise for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment. To efficiently eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS), various metal-based nanozymes have been developed for the treatment of IBD but their practical applications are seriously impaired by unstable ROS-eliminating properties and potential metal ion leakage in the digestive tract. Here, the authors for the first time propose metal-free melanin nanozymes (MeNPs) with excellent gastrointestinal stability and biocompatibility as a favorable therapy strategy for IBD.

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Mo nanoparticles (EGM NPs) efficiently treat liver injury by strongly reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a serious clinical disease associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and subsequent inflammatory responses. However, traditional treatments were limited by low efficacy and serious side effects due to the special liver structure. Here, we developed a molybdenum (Mo)-based nanoparticles, EGM NPs, after overall consideration of the pathophysiology of DILI and the advantages of nanodrugs.

Nanodrugs alleviate acute kidney injury: Manipulate RONS at kidney.

Currently, there are no clinical drugs available to treat acute kidney injury (AKI). Given the high prevalence and high mortality rate of AKI, the development of drugs to effectively treat AKI is a huge unmet medical need and a research hotspot. Although existing evidence fully demonstrates that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) burst at the AKI site is a major contributor to AKI progression, the heterogeneity, complexity, and unique physiological structure of the kidney make most antioxidant and anti-inflammatory small molecule drugs ineffective because of the lack of kidney targeting and side effects.

State-of-the-art advancements in Liver-on-a-chip (LOC): Integrated biosensors for LOC.

Liver models are vital for the liver diseases and drug research as many novel drugs. However, traditional liver models cannot meet this need, mainly because they cannot replicate the complex physiological structure and microenvironment of the liver, especially the O and nutrient gradients. Liver-on-a-chip (LOC), based on microfluidic technology, can not only closely simulate the physiological structure and microenvironment of the liver through the design of suitable microchannels, but can also incorporate advanced biosensors with high sensitivity and potential for rapid responses to microenvironmental signals and liver function indicators.

Passively-targeted mitochondrial tungsten-based nanodots for efficient acute kidney injury treatment.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) can lead to loss of kidney function and a substantial increase in mortality. The burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a key role in the pathological progression of AKI. Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant therapy is very promising because mitochondria are the main source of ROS in AKI.

Nanodrugs Manipulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress for Highly Effective Antitumor Therapy.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide due to high morbidity and mortality. Many attempts and efforts have been devoted to fighting cancer. Owing to the significant role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in cell function, inducing ER stress can be promising for cancer treatment.

Nanomedicine Strategies for Heating "Cold" Ovarian Cancer (OC): Next Evolution in Immunotherapy of OC.

Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, dramatically improving survival rates of melanoma and lung cancer patients. Nevertheless, immunotherapy is almost ineffective against ovarian cancer (OC) due to its cold tumor immune microenvironment (TIM). Many traditional medications aimed at remodeling TIM are often associated with severe systemic toxicity, require frequent dosing, and show only modest clinical efficacy.

Nucleus-Targeting Phototherapy Nanodrugs for High-Effective Anti-Cancer Treatment.

DNA is always one of the most important targets for cancer therapy due to its leading role in the proliferation of cancer cells. Phototherapy kills cancer cells by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and local hyperthermia under light. It has attracted extensive interest in the clinical treatment of tumors because of many advantages such as non-invasiveness, high patient compliance, and low toxicity and side effects.

Reactive oxygen species-based nanomaterials for the treatment of myocardial ischemia reperfusion injuries.

Interventional coronary reperfusion strategies are widely adopted to treat acute myocardial infarction, but morbidity and mortality of acute myocardial infarction are still high. Reperfusion injuries are inevitable due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells. However, many antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs are largely limited by pharmacokinetics and route of administration, such as short half-life, low stability, low bioavailability, and side effects for treatment myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury.

Nanotherapies for sepsis by regulating inflammatory signals and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species: New insight for treating COVID-19.

SARS-CoV-2 has caused up to 127 million cases of COVID-19. Approximately 5% of COVID-19 patients develop severe illness, and approximately 40% of those with severe illness eventually die, corresponding to more than 2.78 million people.

MoS-based nanocomposites for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Molybdenum is a trace dietary element necessary for the survival of humans. Some molybdenum-bearing enzymes are involved in key metabolic activities in the human body (such as xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase and sulfite oxidase). Many molybdenum-based compounds have been widely used in biomedical research.

A new approach to screening cancer stem cells from the U251 human glioma cell line based on cell growth state.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play important roles in the biological behaviour of malignant tumours. To study their properties, they must be carefully identified and purified. Cancer cells can acquire three different morphological types during single cell cloning.