Burosumab treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia patients: interim analysis of the SUNFLOWER longitudinal, observational cohort study.

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a genetic disease that results in excessive FGF23, chronic hypophosphatemia, and musculoskeletal abnormalities, with affected patients experiencing symptoms such as bone pain, bone deformity, fracture, and pseudofracture. Burosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to FGF23, improving lowered serum 1,25(OH)D and phosphate levels in patients with XLH. There are insufficient data on the use of burosumab, its safety, and the outcomes of treated patients in a real-world setting.

Burden of disease of X-linked hypophosphatemia in Japanese and Korean patients: a cross-sectional survey.

The burden of disease of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) in East Asia is poorly understood. This was a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and disease complications in Japanese and Korean patients with XLH. Adults with XLH and the caregivers of children <18 years of age with XLH in Japan and Korea were surveyed.

Comparative effect of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitors on laboratory parameters in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects on laboratory parameters among monotherapy with five DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: We identified cohorts of new sitagliptin users (n = 879), vildagliptin users (n = 253), teneligliptin users (n = 260), alogliptin users (n = 237), and linagliptin users (n = 180) in patients with type 2 DM. We used a multivariate regression model to evaluate and compare the effects of the drugs on laboratory parameters including HbA1c concentration and serum concentrations of creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, high density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase among the five DPP-4 inhibitors up to 12 months.

Association between use of oral hypoglycemic agents in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of depression: A retrospective cohort study.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for depression. Since brain insulin resistance plays a potential role in depression, the future risk of depression in patients with T2DM may be altered depending on the class of oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) used for T2DM therapy. The aim of the present study was to determine if specific classes of OHAs are associated with a risk for comorbid depression in T2DM.

Assessment of effect modification of statins on new-onset diabetes based on various medical backgrounds: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between statin use and new-onset diabetes in clinical settings and to assess its effect modification (heterogeneity) among patients with various medical histories and current medications.

Methods: In a total of 12,177 Japanese patients without diabetes, from December 2004 to November 2012, we identified 500 statin users and 500 matched non-users using propensity-score matching. Patients were followed until December 2017.

Comparative Effect of Calcium Channel Blockers on Glomerular Function in Hypertensive Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate and compare the longitudinal effect of monotherapy with L-, L/T-, L/N-, and L/N/T-type calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and to investigate the association of treatment duration with eGFR in diabetic patients with hypertension.

Methods: Using a clinical database, we identified new users of five CCBs, i.e.

A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Renal Parameters Between Imidapril and Amlodipine in Patients with Hypertension: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: Imidapril is an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) that is frequently used as an antihypertensive drug in Japan. Although ACEIs are known to have adverse effects of decreasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and causing hyperkalemia, there are very few clinical data on the long-term effect of imidapril on glomerular function. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a clinical database to evaluate and compare the long-term effects of imidapril and amlodipine on renal parameters in Japanese hypertensive patients in routine clinical practice.

Comparative effect of fixed-dose combination tablets of candesartan cilexetil/amlodipine versus olmesartan medoxomil/azelnidipine on laboratory parameters in patients with hypertension: a retrospective cohort study.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate and compare the long-term effects of two single-pill fixed-dose combinations (FDCs), candesartan/amlodipine and olmesartan/azelnidipine, on laboratory parameters in patients in routine clinical practice. We identified an equal number of new users (n = 182) of a candesartan/amlodipine (8/5 mg/day) FDC tablet (CAN/AML users) and a propensity-score matched cohort (n = 182) receiving an olmesartan/azelnidipine (20/16 mg/day) FDC tablet (OLM/AZ users). Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate and compare the effects of the drugs on serum levels of creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, sodium, potassium, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels up to 12 months after the start of study drug administration.

Phosphorylated Sp1 is the regulator of DNA-PKcs and DNA ligase IV transcription of daunorubicin-resistant leukemia cell lines.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious problem faced in the treatment of malignant tumors. In this study, we characterized the expression of non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) components, a major DNA double strand break (DSB) repair mechanism in mammals, in K562 cell and its daunorubicin (DNR)-resistant subclone (K562/DNR). K562/DNR overexpressed major enzymes of NHEJ, DNA-PKcs and DNA ligase IV, and K562/DNR repaired DSB more rapidly than K562 after DNA damage by neocarzinostatin (MDR1-independent radiation-mimetic).

Comparative effect of angiotensin II type I receptor blockers on serum uric acid in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARB) are a frequently used class of antihypertensive drug. The ARB losartan is known to decrease the serum uric acid (SUA) level. However, there are very few clinical data comparing the effects of other ARBs on SUA level under the conditions of clinical practice.

Comparative effect of clopidogrel and aspirin versus aspirin alone on laboratory parameters: a retrospective, observational, cohort study.

Background: Clopidogrel and aspirin are antiplatelet agents that are recommended to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke and other cardiovascular events. Combination therapy of clopidogrel and aspirin has been shown to increase the risk of hemorrhage, but the effects of the drugs on laboratory parameters have not been well studied in patients in routine clinical practice. Therefore, we evaluated and compared the effects of combination therapy with clopidogrel plus aspirin and aspirin monotherapy on laboratory parameters using a clinical database.

Comparative effect of clopidogrel plus aspirin and aspirin monotherapy on hematological parameters using propensity score matching.

Background: Clopidogrel and aspirin are antiplatelet agents that are recommended to reduce the risk of recurrent stroke and other cardiovascular events. Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin has been shown to increase the risk of hemorrhage, but the effects of the drugs on laboratory parameters have not been well studied in real-world clinical settings. Therefore, we evaluated and compared the effects of combination therapy with clopidogrel plus aspirin and aspirin monotherapy on laboratory parameters.

Involvement of KRAS G12A mutation in the IL-2-independent growth of a human T-LGL leukemia cell line, PLT-2.

Cytokine-dependent cell lines have been used to analyze the cytokine-induced cellular signaling and the mechanism of oncogenesis. In the current study, we analyzed MOTN-1 and PLT-2 cell lines established from different stages of a T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia patient (Daibata et al. 2004).

Comparative effect of angiotensin II type I receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers on laboratory parameters in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background: Both angiotensin II type I receptor blockers (ARBs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are widely used antihypertensive drugs. Many clinical studies have demonstrated and compared the organ-protection effects and adverse events of these drugs. However, few large-scale studies have focused on the effect of these drugs as monotherapy on laboratory parameters.

Comparison of the effect of mesalazine and sulfasalazine on laboratory parameters: a retrospective observational study.

Purpose: Mesalazine and sulfasalazine are commonly used drugs for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. However, there have been few reports with a strict statistical analysis comparing the effects of mesalazine and sulfasalazine on laboratory test results. Therefore, we designed a retrospective cohort study to investigate whether or not differences in clinical laboratory parameters exist between mesalazine and sulfasalazine users.

Comparative effect of olmesartan and candesartan on lipid metabolism and renal function in patients with hypertension: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), including olmesartan and candesartan, are widely used antihypertensive agents. Many clinical studies have demonstrated that ARBs have organ-protecting effects, e.g.

Utilization of health care databases for pharmacoepidemiology.

Pharmacoepidemiology is the study of the utilization and effects of drugs in clinical and population settings, and the outcomes of drug therapy. The growing trend of recording computerized data that will increasingly be automated into health care delivery is making the use of large datasets more and more common in pharmacoepidemiologic research. Most retrospective databases offer large populations and longer observation periods with real-world practice and can answer a variety of research questions quickly and cost-effectively.

Adverse effect profile of trichlormethiazide: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Trichlormethiazide, a thiazide diuretic, was introduced in 1960 and remains one of the most frequently used diuretics for treating hypertension in Japan. While numerous clinical trials have indicated important side effects of thiazides, e.g.

Effect of candesartan monotherapy on lipid metabolism in patients with hypertension: a retrospective longitudinal survey using data from electronic medical records.

Background: Studies focusing on the add-on effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) other than their antihypertensive effect are receiving attention. However, the effects of prolonged administration of ARBs on lipid metabolism in clinical cases are unclear. Our aims were to survey the changes in plasma lipid profile in patients with hypertension over a one-year period, and to examine the correlations between these values and the time after the start of ARB monotherapy with candesartan.

Global profiling of influence of intra-ischemic brain temperature on gene expression in rat brain.

Mild to moderate differences in brain temperature are known to greatly affect the outcome of cerebral ischemia. The impact of brain temperature on ischemic disorders has been mainly evaluated through pathological analysis. However, no comprehensive analyses have been conducted at the gene expression level.

Decreased expression of angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptors in the brain after long-term administration of antihypertensive drugs in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat.

The present study examined the levels of Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)) and type 2 receptor (AT(2)) in the brain stem and cerebral cortex of the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR-sp) after long-term treatment with three types of antihypertensive drugs: valsartan, enalapril, and amlodipine. In both tissues, expression of the AT(1) was decreased by administration of each drug. Expression of the AT(2) was decreased in the cerebral cortex by drug administration, but did not change in the brain stem.

Decreased expression of thioredoxin interacting protein mRNA in inflamed colonic mucosa in patients with ulcerative colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease associated with intestinal inflammation and tissue damage. It is assumed that the oxidative stress that accompanies chronic inflammation contributes to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), whose expression is induced by various types of stress including oxidative stress and is downregulated in various types of human cancer including colorectal cancer, is a negative regulator of thioredoxin, which is an important regulator of redox balance.

Statistical validation of two sample comparison methods for oligonucleotide microarray in rat ischemia model.

In gene expression analyses using a high-density oligonucleotide array in a rat ischemia model, two comparison methods, "pair-wise comparison" and "sample average comparison", were evaluated based on statistical methods. The reliability of the elements screened with a 1.2 to 10-fold threshold was also evaluated.