Lithocholic acid binds TULP3 to activate sirtuins and AMPK to slow down ageing.

Lithocholic acid (LCA) is accumulated in mammals during calorie restriction and it can activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to slow down ageing. However, the molecular details of how LCA activates AMPK and induces these biological effects are unclear. Here we show that LCA enhances the activity of sirtuins to deacetylate and subsequently inhibit vacuolar H-ATPase (v-ATPase), which leads to AMPK activation through the lysosomal glucose-sensing pathway.

Clinical characteristics and viral colonization of corneal donors with coronavirus disease 2019: a comprehensive analysis before and after corneal transplantation.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and viral Colonization of corneas donated by volunteers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) before and after corneal transplantation.

Methods: We retrospectively compared the characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients who received corneas from donors with and without a history of COVID-19 after corneal transplantation. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA on ocular surfaces in corneal preservation solutions as well as the recipients' tears.

AMPK targets PDZD8 to trigger carbon source shift from glucose to glutamine.

The shift of carbon utilization from primarily glucose to other nutrients is a fundamental metabolic adaptation to cope with decreased blood glucose levels and the consequent decline in glucose oxidation. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays crucial roles in this metabolic adaptation. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood.

Hyperosmolarity promotes macrophage pyroptosis by driving the glycolytic reprogramming of corneal epithelial cells in dry eye disease.

Tear film hyperosmolarity plays a core role in the development of dry eye disease (DED) by mediating the disruption of ocular surface homeostasis and triggering inflammation in ocular surface epithelium. In this study, the mechanisms involving the hyperosmolar microenvironment, glycolysis mediating metabolic reprogramming, and pyroptosis were explored clinically, in vitro, and in vivo. Data from DED clinical samples indicated that the expression of glycolysis and pyroptosis-related genes, including PKM2 and GSDMD, was significantly upregulated and that the secretion of IL-1β significantly increased.

Two new species of the genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 and first description of the male of Pseudopoda physematosa (Araneae, Sparassidae) from Yunnan Province, China.

Two new species of the genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 are reported from Yunnan Province, China: Pseudopoda mingshengi sp. nov. (male, female) and P.

Case Report: Transient antenatal bartter syndrome in an extremely preterm infant with a novel variant.

Variants in the may cause antenatal transient Bartter syndrome, which is characterised by polyhydramnios, preterm labour, postnatal polyuria, hypokalaemia and metabolic alkalosis. Transient gross hematuria and acute kidney injury in such cases have not been reported previously. The patient, a boy, was born at a gestational age of 27 + 5 weeks.

Two new species of the genus Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae, Macrothelidae) from China.

Background: The family Macrothelidae Simon, 1892 belongs to the infraorder Mygalomorphae, currently contains two genera and 47 described species, from South Europe, South, and East Southeast Asia, Central, West, and North Africa.

New Information: Two new species of the funnel-web spider genus Ausserer, 1871 from Yunnan Province, China are described: Wu & Yang, sp. n.

Description of a new genus and two new species of the funnel-web mygalomorph (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Macrothelidae) from China with notes on taxonomic amendments.

A new genus of the spider family Macrothelidae Simon, 1892, Vacrothele Tang Yang gen. nov. is described, along with two new species: V.

High-Intensity Use of Smartphone Can Significantly Increase the Diagnostic Rate and Severity of Dry Eye.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of high-intensity use of smartphones on ocular surface homeostasis and to explore whether high-intensity use of handheld digital devices can cause false increase of dry eye diagnostic rate.

Methods: In this prospective self-control study, 60 subjects (120 eyes) were recruited and asked to read on smartphones provided by the same manufacturer for two consecutive hours. This study was conducted during 8:00 - 10:00 AM to eliminate the influence of digital equipment used the previous day.

Rear 4-min Schirmer test, a modified indicator of Schirmer test in diagnosing dry eye.

This study aims to investigate the reliability and efficacy of rear 4-min Schirmer test, as a supplement indicator, in assessing tear secretion and diagnosing dry eye. 180 participants were enrolled in this study. Schirmer test I without anaesthesia was performed once on both eyes to determine the value of normal Schirmer test.

Ocular Surface Ion-Channels Are Closely Related to Dry Eye: Key Research Focus on Innovative Drugs for Dry Eye.

Abundant ion-channels, including various perceptual receptors, chloride channels, purinergic receptor channels, and water channels that exist on the ocular surface, play an important role in the pathogenesis of dry eye. Channel-targeting activators or inhibitor compounds, which have shown positive effects in and experiments, have become the focus of the dry eye drug research and development, and individual compounds have been applied in clinical experimental treatment. This review summarized various types of ion-channels on the ocular surface related to dry eye, their basic functions, and spatial distribution, and discussed basic and clinical research results of various channel receptor regulatory compounds.

Efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light Combined Blood Extract Eye Drops for Treatment of Nociceptive Pain in Dry Eye Patients.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with deproteinized calf blood extract (DCBE) eye drops for dry eye disease (DED) patients with nociceptive ocular pain.

Methods: In this prospective, one-center, interventional study, 23 subjects with DED and ocular pain were treated with a combination of IPL and DCBE eye drops for four sessions at a four-week interval. Subjective and objective assessments on nociceptive pain and dry eye were examined and analyzed.

Semiautomated and Automated Quantitative Analysis of Corneal Sub-Basal Nerves in Patients With DED With Ocular Pain Using IVCM.

Purpose: Investigate the correlation and agreement between the results of semiautomated and fully automated quantitative analysis of the corneal sub-basal nerve plexus (SNP) in patients with dry eye disease (DED) with ocular pain using confocal microscopy (IVCM).

Method: A total of 50 voluntary participants were enrolled in this study, i.e.

Advances in Dry Eye Disease Examination Techniques.

Dry eye-related ocular surface examination is very important in the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye disease. With the recent advances in science and technology, dry eye examination techniques have progressed rapidly, which has greatly improved dry eye diagnoses and treatment. However, clinically, confusion remains about which examination to choose, how to ensure the repeatability of the examination, and how to accurately interpret the examination results.

Comparison of the influence of light between circularly polarized and linearly polarized smartphones on dry eye symptoms and asthenopia.

This paper aims to investigate the efficacy of circularly polarized light smartphones in affecting dry eye symptoms and asthenopia through a comparison with linearly polarized smartphones. One hundred twenty participants were randomly divided into four groups. Dry eye and asthenopia symptoms were evaluated using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Computer Vision Syndrome Scale 17 (CVSS17), Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS), and visual analogue scale (VAS).

Sensory nerves promote corneal inflammation resolution via CGRP mediated transformation of macrophages to the M2 phenotype through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Objectives: To explore the role of the corneal sensory nerves in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) keratitis, the synergistic effect between the sensory neurons and macrophages in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release, and the functional mechanisms of CGRP-mediated transformation of macrophages to the M2 phenotype.

Methods: Corneal nerve loss, macrophage recruitment, and CGRP expression were evaluated.

Reliability and efficacy of maximum fluorescein tear break-up time in diagnosing dry eye disease.

This study aims to investigate the reliability and efficacy of maximum fluorescein tear break-up time (FTBUTmax) in diagnosing dry eye disease (DED). 147 participants were enrolled in this study. Ocular symptoms were assessed by Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI).

Bandage lens for treatment of corneosclera melting two weeks after pterygium surgery: A case report.

Introduction: Pterygium is a common chronic ocular surface condition in ophthalmology.At present, the main treatment modality is surgical resection. Although the recurrence rate can be controlled to varying degrees, some patients can still develop serious complications, such as scleral melting, corneal melting, and even corneal perforation.

Therapeutic effect of intense pulsed light with optimal pulse technology on meibomian gland dysfunction with and without ocular infestation.

Background: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy with optimal pulse technology (OPT) on meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) with and without ocular infestation.

Methods: This prospective study included 150 patients with MGD who were divided into -infested (DI) and non-infested (control) groups according to counts determined by epilating eyelashes to evaluate. Each patient underwent three OPT treatment sessions at 3-week intervals.