The self-assembled nanoparticle-based multi-epitope influenza mRNA vaccine elicits protective immunity against H1N1 and B influenza viruses in mice.

Introduction: The influenza virus is recognized as the primary cause of human respiratory diseases, with the current influenza vaccine primarily offering strain-specific immunity and limited protection against drifting strains. Considering this, the development of a broad-spectrum influenza vaccine capable of inducing effective immunity is considered the future direction in combating influenza.

Methods: The present study proposes a novel mRNA-based multi-epitope influenza vaccine, which combines three conserved antigens derived from the influenza A virus.

Dynamic Covalent Hydrogel as a Single-Dose Vaccine Adjuvant for Sustained Antigen Release and Significantly Elevated Humoral Immunity.

Vaccine is the most important way for fighting against infection diseases. However, multiple injections and unsatisfied immune responses are the main obstacles for current vaccine application. Herein, a dynamic covalent hydrogel (DCH) is used as a single-dose vaccine adjuvant for eliciting robust and sustained humoral immunity.

Ferritin-binding and ubiquitination-modified mRNA vaccines induce potent immune responses and protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incessantly engenders mutating strains via immune escape mechanisms, substantially escalating the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome. In this context, the urgent development of innovative and efficacious mRNA vaccines is imperative. In our study, we synthesized six unique mRNA vaccine formulations: the Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) monomer vaccine, RBD dimer (2RBD) vaccine, RBD-Ferritin (RBD-Fe) vaccine, ubiquitin-modified wild-type Nucleocapsid gene (WT-N) vaccine, rearranged Nucleocapsid gene (Re-N) vaccine, and an epitope-based (COVID-19 epitope) vaccine, all encapsulated within the lipid nanoparticle SM102.