Dietary Flavonoids Consumption and Health: An Umbrella Review.

Scope: The current evidence between dietary flavonoids consumption and multiple health outcomes is inadequate and inconclusive. To summarize and evaluate the evidence for dietary flavonoids consumption and multiple health outcomes, an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews is conducted.

Methods And Results: PubMed, Ovid-EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews are searched up to January 2024.

Sex- and time-specific associations of obesity with glycaemic traits: A two-step multivariate Mendelian randomization study.

Aim: To assess the sex- and time-specific causal effects of obesity-related anthropometric traits on glycaemic traits.

Materials And Methods: We used univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization to assess the causal associations of anthropometric traits (gestational variables, birth weight, childhood body mass index [BMI], BMI, waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], BMI-adjusted WHR [WHR BMI]) with fasting glucose and insulin in Europeans from the Early Growth Genetics Consortium (n ≤ 298 142), the UK Biobank, the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits Consortium (n ≤ 697 734; females: n ≤ 434 794; males: n ≤ 374 754) and the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (n ≤ 151 188; females: n ≤ 73 089; males: n ≤ 67 506), adjusting for maternal genetic effects, smoking, alcohol consumption, and age at menarche.

Results: We observed a null association for gestational variables, a negative association for birth weight, and positive associations for childhood BMI and adult traits (BMI, WHR, and WHR BMI).

Systemic inflammation mediates the association between environmental tobacco smoke and depressive symptoms: A cross-sectional study of NHANES 2009-2018.

Background: Depression is associated with both environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and inflammation. However, whether systemic inflammation mediates the ETS-depression relationship is unclear.

Methods: We analyzed 19,612 participants from the 2009-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (representing approximately 206,284,711 USA individuals), utilizing data of depressive symptoms (assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9), blood cotinine level (an ETS biomarker), dietary inflammatory index (DII, assessed by 24-h dietary recall) and inflammation, represented by immune-inflammation index (SII) and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI).

Shared Genetics and Comorbid Genes of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Comorbidity exists between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but the role of genetic factors is unclear.

Objective: We aim to investigate genetic correlation, causal relationship, and comorbid genes between ALS and PD.

Methods: Leveraging the largest genome-wide association study data (ALS: 27,205 cases, 110,881 controls; PDG: 33,674 cases, 449,056 controls), we used linkage disequilibrium score regression and Mendelian randomization analysis for genetic correlation and causal inference.

Investigating the shared genetic architecture of post-traumatic stress disorder and gastrointestinal tract disorders: a genome-wide cross-trait analysis.

Background: Observational studies suggest a correlation between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) disorders. However, the genetic overlap, causal relationships, and underlining mechanisms between PTSD and GIT disorders were absent.

Methods: We obtained genome-wide association study statistics for PTSD (23 212 cases, 151 447 controls), peptic ulcer disease (PUD; 16 666 cases, 439 661 controls), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD; 54 854 cases, 401 473 controls), PUD and/or GORD and/or medications (PGM; 90 175 cases, 366 152 controls), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS; 28 518 cases, 426 803 controls), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; 7045 cases, 449 282 controls).