RNF20 dual regulation of MDA5 signaling to maintain immune homeostasis in chickens.

Unlabelled: RIG-I and MDA5, known as the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), play a pivotal role in inducing antiviral responses to RNA viral infections. While chickens lack RIG-I, they possess a functionally enhanced MDA5 that recognizes pathogens and regulates immunity, underscoring the critical role of MDA5 in maintaining immune homeostasis in chickens. However, the precise mechanisms governing the expression and optimal activation of MDA5 remain unclear.

Bacteriophage M13KE as a nanoparticle platform to display and deliver a pathogenic epitope: Development of an effective porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus vaccine.

Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) is a porcine enteric coronavirus, outbreaks and epidemics of which have caused huge economic losses to the livestock industry. The disadvantage of existing PEDV vaccines is that the unstable efficacy and high cost limit their widespread use. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a recombinant transgenic vaccine candidate for PEDV.

Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Phage Therapy in Ameliorating ETEC-Induced Diarrhea in Mice Models.

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) is a major pathogen causing diarrhea in humans and animals, with increasing antimicrobial resistance posing a growing challenge in recent years. Lytic bacteriophages (phages) offer a targeted and environmentally sustainable approach to combating bacterial infections, particularly in eliminating drug-resistant strains. In this study, ETEC strains were utilized as indicators, and a stable, high-efficiency phage, designated vB_EcoM_JE01 (JE01), was isolated from pig farm manure.

Porcine deltacoronavirus nonstructural protein 2 inhibits type I and III IFN production by targeting STING for degradation.

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteropathogenic coronavirus that has been reported to use various strategies to counter the host antiviral innate immune response. The cGAS-STING signalling pathway plays an important role in antiviral innate immunity. However, it remains unclear whether PDCoV achieves immune evasion by regulating the cGAS-STING pathway.

Phage cocktail superimposed disinfection: A ecological strategy for preventing pathogenic bacterial infections in dairy farms.

Bovine mastitis (BM) is mainly caused by bacterial infection that has a highly impact on dairy production, affecting both economic viability and animal well-being. A cross-sectional study was conducted in dairy farms to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens associated with BM. The analysis revealed that Staphylococcus (49%), Escherichia (16%), Pseudomonas (11%), and Klebsiella (6%) were the primary bacterial pathogens associated with mastitis.

Development and mouse model evaluation of a new phage cocktail intended as an alternative to antibiotics for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus-induced bovine mastitis.

Bovine mastitis is a prevalent infectious disease in dairy herds worldwide, resulting in substantial economic losses. Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of mastitis in animals, and its antibiotic resistance poses challenges for treatment. Recently, renewed interest has focused on the development of alternative methods to antibiotic therapy, including bacteriophages (phages), for controlling bacterial infections.

Protective Mechanisms of Various Active Substances on Cell DNA Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Deoxynivalenol.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary metabolite of fungi that is harmful to humans and animals. This study examined the protective effects of natural substances, including resveratrol, quercetin, vitamin E, vitamin C, and microbe-derived antioxidants (MA), on both human gastric mucosal cells (GES-1) and pig small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1) when induced by DON. Cells were incubated with active substances for 3 h and then exposed to DON for 24 h.

Identification of pigeon mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) and its role in antiviral innate immunity.

Pigeons can be infected with various RNA viruses, and their innate immune system responds to viral infection to establish an antiviral response. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS), an important adaptor protein in signal transduction, plays a pivotal role in amplifying the innate immune response. In this study, we successfully cloned pigeon MAVS (piMAVS) and performed a bioinformatics analysis.

The Mobility of Eurasian Avian-like M2 Is Determined by Residue E79 Which Is Essential for Pathogenicity of 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus in Mice.

In 2009, a novel H1N1 influenza virus caused the first influenza pandemic of the 21st century. Studies have shown that the influenza M gene played important roles in the pathogenicity and transmissibility of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic ((H1N1)pdm09), whilst the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The influenza M gene encodes two proteins, matrix protein 1 and matrix protein 2, which play important roles in viral replication and assembly.

DON induced DNA damage triggers absence of p53-mediated G2 arrest and apoptosis in IPEC-1 cells.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) stands among the prevalent mycotoxins, and usually contaminates cereal foods and animal feed, leading to human and animal clinical poisoning symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vomiting. To date, the mechanism of toxicity of DON in different mammalian cells is not fully elucidated. In this study, we explored the detrimental impacts of DON on porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1), serving as a representative model for porcine intestinal epithelial cells.

Bat STING drives IFN-beta production in anti-RNA virus innate immune response.

The ability of stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to activate interferon (IFN) responses during RNA virus infection has been demonstrated in different mammalian cells. Despite being the host of numerous RNA viruses, the role of STING in bats during RNA virus infection has not been elucidated. In this study, we identified and cloned the STING gene of the Brazilian free-tailed bat () and tested its ability to induce IFN-β by overexpressing and knocking down bat STING (BatSTING) in 1 lung (TB1 Lu) cells.

Pigeon MDA5 inhibits viral replication by triggering antiviral innate immunity.

Pigeons are considered less susceptible, and display few or no clinical signs to infection with avian influenza virus (AIV). Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), an important mediator in innate immunity, has been linked to the virus resistance. In this study, the pigeon MDA5 (piMDA5) was cloned.

Development of a Universal Multi-Epitope Vaccine Candidate against Infections Using Immunoinformatics Approaches.

is a significant zoonotic pathogen that is a great threat not only to the swine industry but also to human health, causing arthritis, meningitis, and even streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome. Owing to its many serotypes and high geographic variability, an efficacious cross-protective vaccine is not readily available. Therefore, this study aimed to design a universal multi-epitope vaccine (MVHP6) that involved three highly immunogenic proteins of , namely, the surface antigen containing a glycosaminoglycan binding domain (HP0197), endopeptidase (PepO), and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD).

Pigeon TBK1 is involved in antiviral innate immunity by mediating IFN activation.

TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), a noncanonical member of the inhibitor-kappaB kinases (IKKs) family, plays a vital role in regulating type-I interferon (IFN) production in mammals and birds. We cloned pigeon TBK1 (PiTBK1) and conducted bioinformatics analyses to compare the protein homology of TBK1 from different species. Overexpression of PiTBK1 in DF-1 cells induced the activation of IFN-β, and this activation positively correlated with the dosage of transfected PiTBK1 plasmids.

Bat MAVS involved in antiviral innate immunity via regulating IFN-beta production.

Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is an essential articulatory protein in immune responses against most RNA viruses. Whether bats, the natural hosts of numerous zoonotic RNA viruses, utilize conserved signaling pathways involving MAVS-mediated interferon (IFN) responses remains elusive. In this study, we performed the cloning and functional analysis of bat MAVS (BatMAVS).

DON entry into the nucleus induces DNA damage, apoptosis and cycle arrest in GES-1 cells.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by the genus Fusarium and belongs to the trichothecenes group B compound. At present, the mechanism of DON toxicity to mammalian cells is not fully understood. Since the stomach is the first physiological barrier against food contaminants, it is also the first target of exposure to toxins.

Chicken miR-126-5p negatively regulates antiviral innate immunity by targeting TRAF3.

Innate immunity plays an essential role in preventing the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. However, innate immunity is a double-edged sword, whose excessive activation is detrimental to immune homeostasis and even leads to a "cytokine storm" of the infected host. The host develops a series of negative regulatory mechanisms to balance the immune response.

Construction of a peacock immortalized fibroblast cell line for avian virus production.

The mammalian-derived MDCK cells are the most widely used for avian virus vaccine production at present. The use of heterologous cell systems for avian virus preparation may cause security risks. An avian cell line is available for avian virus vaccines urgently needed.

Goose STING mediates IFN signaling activation against RNA viruses.

Stimulator of the interferon gene (STING) is involved in mammalian antiviral innate immunity as an interferon (IFN) activator. However, there is still a lack of clarity regarding the molecular characterization of goose STING (GoSTING) and its role in the innate immune response. In the present study, we cloned GoSTING and performed a series of bioinformatics analyses.

Functional characterization of bat IRF1 in IFN induction.

Bats are natural hosts for various zoonotic viral diseases. However, they rarely show signs of disease infection with such viruses. During viral infection, members of the IRFs family induce the production of IFNβ and exert antiviral effects.

Overview-gold nanoparticles-based sensitive nanosensors in mycotoxins detection.

Food-borne mycotoxins is one of the food safety concerns in the world. At present, nanosensors are widely used in the detection and analysis of mycotoxins due to their high specificity and sensitivity. In nanosensor-based mycotoxindetections, the sensitivity is mainly improved from two aspects.

Porcine dsRNA-binding protein Staufen1 facilitate dsRNA-RIG-I/MDA5 binding to activate the antiviral innate immunity response.

Innate immune system composed of pathogen pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is the first barrier to recognize and defend viral invasion. Previously，the double-stranded RNA binding protein staufen1 (STAU1) was identified as an important candidate in regulating RIG-I/MDA5 signaling axis, which is the major cytosolic PRRs for initiating immune response to antagonize RNA viruses. However, the mechanism of STAU1 on RNA virus infection is still unclear.

Bat Employs a Conserved MDA5 Gene to Trigger Antiviral Innate Immune Responses.

Bats are important hosts for various zoonotic viral diseases. However, they rarely show signs of disease infection with such viruses. As the first line for virus control, the innate immune system of bats attracted our full attention.

Goose IRF7 is involved in antivirus innate immunity by mediating IFN activation.

Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 3 and IRF7 are the most important nuclear transcription factors regulating type-I interferon (IFN) production in mammals and the IRF3 is missing in birds. Our previous study found that IFR7 is the most important IRF in chickens, however, its functions in geese remain unknown. We cloned goose IRF7 (GoIRF7) and conducted bioinformatics analyses to compare the chromosomal location and protein homology of IRF7 in different species.

Functional characterization of goose IRF1 in IFN induction and anti-NDV infection.

Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) play a key role in many aspects of immune response, and IRF1, IRF3, and IRF7 are positive regulators of IFN induction in mammals. However, IRF3, as the most critical regulatory factor in mammals, is naturally absent in birds, which attracts us to study the functions of other members of the avian IRF family. In the present study, we cloned goose IRF1 (GoIRF1) and conducted a series of bioinformatics analyses to compare the protein homology of GoIRF1 with that of IRF1 in other species.