Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors for EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes approximately 80-85% of cancer-related fatalities globally, and direct and indirect comparisons of various therapies for NSCLC are lacking. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated NSCLC.

Methods: The electronic databases were systematically searched from inception until March 18, 2024.

Correlation between repeated low-level red light-induced afterimage and axial changes in myopia control.

Purpose: To explore the correlation between afterimages induced by repeated low-level red light (RLRL) and changes in refraction.

Method: Patients who used RLRL for myopia control from 2023.02 to 2024.

Immunogenicity and safety of two-dose or three-dose regimens of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomised clinical trial.

Background: To assess the immunogenicity and safety of two-dose regimen of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and explored the potential benefits of additional dose.

Research Design And Methods: In total, 182 PTB patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to the standard-dose group to receive three standard doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines, or the double-dose boosting group to receive two standard doses plus a double dose, with a 28-day interval. Forty healthy controls were assigned to receive two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines 28 days apart.

Developing Cell-Membrane-Associated Liposomes for Liver Diseases.

Over the past decade, a marked escalation in the prevalence of hepatic pathologies has been observed, adversely impacting the quality of life for many. The predominant therapeutic strategy for liver diseases has been pharmacological intervention; however, its efficacy is often constrained. Currently, liposomes are tiny structures that can deliver drugs directly to targeted areas, enhancing their effectiveness.

Applications of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in medicine.

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapeutic agents owing to their natural abundance, accessibility, and unique biological properties. This review provides a comprehensive exploration of the therapeutic potential of plant-derived EVs and emphasizes their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and tumor-inhibitory effects. Here, we discussed the advancements in isolation and purification techniques, such as ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography, which are critical for maintaining the functional integrity of these nanovesicles.

Immunogenicity, Safety, and Immune Persistence of One Dose of SARS-CoV-2 Recombinant Adenovirus Type-5 Vectored Vaccine in Children and Adolescents Aged 6-17 Years: An Immunobridging Trial.

Background: Though children infected by SARS-CoV-2 generally experience milder symptoms compared to adults, severe cases can occur. Additionally, children can transmit the virus to others. Therefore, the availability of safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines for children and adolescents is crucial.

Layer-by-layer self-assembly of PLL/CPP-ACP multilayer on SLA titanium surface: Enhancing osseointegration and antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo.

Dental Implants are expected to possess both excellent osteointegration and antibacterial activity because poor osseointegration and infection are two major causes of titanium implant failure. In this study, we constructed layer-by-layer self-assembly films consisting of anionic casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and cationic poly (L-lysine) (PLL) on sandblasted and acid etched (SLA) titanium surfaces and evaluated their osseointegration and antibacterial performance in vitro and in vivo. The surface properties were examined, including microstructure, elemental composition, wettability, and Ca ion release.

Quercetin induces ferroptosis by inactivating mTOR/S6KP70 pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Although recent studies increasingly suggest the potential anti-cancer effect of quercetin, the exact underlying mechanism remains poorly demonstrated in oral squamous cell carcinoma (oSCC). Therefore, our research explored the impacts of quercetin on the ferroptosis and mTOR/S6KP70 axis in oSCC cell lines. After treating oSCC cells with quercetin or indicated compounds and transfection with SLC7A11- or S6KP70-overexpressing plasmid, cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay.

Vaccination with Adenovirus Type 5 Vector-Based COVID-19 Vaccine as the Primary Series in Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 1/2 Clinical Trial.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1/2 trial aimed at evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of Ad5-nCoV via aerosolized or intramuscular or intramuscular-aerosolized routes in SARS-CoV-2-negative adults aged over 18 years. In the phase 1 trial, participants were sequentially enrolled into one of five regimen cohorts: Low-Dose (two doses of aerosolized Ad5-nCoV with 0.5 × 10 viral particles [vps] per dose), Middle-Dose (two doses of aerosolized Ad5-nCoV with 1.

Construction of immune-related molecular diagnostic and predictive models of hepatocellular carcinoma based on machine learning.

Background: To exploit hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnostic substances, we identify potential predictive markers based on machine learning and to explore the significance of immune cell infiltration in this pathology.

Method: Three HCC gene expression datasets were used for weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and differential expression analysis. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and Random Forest were applied to identify candidate biomarkers.

Lipidomics Investigation Reveals the Reversibility of Hepatic Injury by Silica Nanoparticles in Rats After a 6-Week Recovery Duration.

Given the inevitable human exposure owing to its increasing production and utilization, the comprehensive safety evaluation of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) has sparked concerns. Substantial evidence indicated liver damage by inhaled SiNPs. Notwithstanding, few reports focused on the persistence or reversibility of hepatic injuries, and the intricate molecular mechanisms involved remain limited.

Modulation of SEMA4D-modified titanium surface on M2 macrophage polarization via activation of Rho/ROCK-mediated lactate release of endothelial cells: In vitro and in vivo.

SEMA4D-modified titanium surfaces can indirectly regulate macrophages through endothelial cells to achieve an anti-inflammatory effect, which is beneficial for healing soft tissues around the gingival abutment. However, the mechanism of surface-induced cellular phenotypic changes in SEMA4D-modified titanium has not yet been elucidated. SEMA4D activates the RhoA signaling pathway in endothelial cells, which coordinates metabolism and cytoskeletal remodeling.

Immunogenicity consistency and safety with different production scales of recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blinded, immunobridging trial.

Background: The certification of immunogenicity consistency at different production scales is indispensable for the quality control of vaccines.

Research Design And Methods: A randomized, double-blind immunobridging trial in healthy adults aged 18-59 was divided into Scale A (50 L and 800 L) and Scale B (50 L and 500 L) based on vaccine manufacturing scales. Eligible participants in Scale A were randomly assigned to receive the single-dose recombinant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) of different scales at a 1:1 ratio, as was Scale B.

Pre- and postnatal particulate matter exposure and blood pressure in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Early life is a susceptible period of air pollution-related adverse health effects. Hypertension in children might be life-threatening without prevention or treatment. Nevertheless, the causative association between environmental factors and childhood hypertension was limited.

A genetic screen in Arabidopsis reveals the identical roles for RBP45d and PRP39a in 5' cryptic splice site selection.

Cryptic splice sites in eukaryotic genome are generally dormant unless activated by mutation of authentic splice sites or related splicing factors. How cryptic splice sites are used remains unclear in plants. Here, we identified two cryptic splicing regulators, RBP45d and PRP39a that are homologs of yeast U1 auxiliary protein Nam8 and Prp39, respectively, genetic screening for suppressors of the virescent mutant, which results from a point mutation at the 5' splice site (5' ss) of intron 7.

Risk of hypovolemia associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors treatment: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Aim Of The Review: To assess the risk of hypovolemia for sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors treatment.

Method: A systematic literature retrieval was performed in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and Scopus from inception up to 4 October 2022, Data for study characteristics and outcomes of interest were extracted from each eligible study. Risk ratios (RRs) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypovolemia were calculated using a random-effect model.

Amorphous silica nanoparticles caused lung injury through the induction of epithelial apoptosis via ROS/Ca/DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission signaling.

The adverse effects of amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) exposure on the respiratory system were increasingly recognized, however, its potential pathogenesis still remains not fully elucidated. So, this study aimed to explore its effects on pulmonary injury, and to investigate related mechanisms. Histological investigations illustrated SiNPs triggered the lung injury, mainly manifested as alveolar structure destruction, collagen deposition, and mitochondrial ultrastructural injury.

The bidirectional effects of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation in Chinese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic-a dynamic structural equation model.

Background: With the accumulation of negative emotions brought by COVID-19-related dysfunctional beliefs, individuals adopted obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms (e.g., over-checking the wearing of masks) and formed difficulties in emotion regulation (DER).

Dietary glycemic index, glycemic load intake, and risk of lung cancer: A meta-analysis of observational studies.

This meta-analysis evaluated the relationship between dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and lung cancer risk, which has been controversial in previous studies. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies from inception to October 2021 in English only. We included case-control and cohort studies that reported relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between dietary GI or GL intake and lung cancer risk.

Pipiserpin, a Culex factor Xa inhibitor, affects female reproductive capacity and serves as a potential target for mosquito control.

Background: Mosquito control is still the main prevention and control measure for numerous mosquito-borne diseases causing millions of deaths each year. New strategies for mosquito control are in demand. Proteases play an important role in mosquito physiology, therefore this study explored the inhibition of a serpin (serine protease inhibitor) in mosquitoes and its effect on reproductive capacity.

Additive effect of aortic regurgitation degree on left ventricular strain in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus evaluated via cardiac magnetic resonance tissue tracking.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus causes left ventricular (LV) remodeling and increases the risk of aortic regurgitation (AR), which causes further heart damage. This study aimed to investigate whether AR aggravates LV deformation dysfunction and to identify independent factors affecting the global peak strain (PS) of LV remodeling in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who presented with AR and those without T2DM.

Methods: In total, 215 patients with T2DM and 83 age- and sex-matched healthy controls who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance examination were included.

How health anxiety affected obsessive-compulsive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: The mediation of difficulties in emotion regulation and the moderation of pathological personality traits.

Health anxiety (HA) was/is a common negative emotional problem during the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the cognitive model of HA, individuals with HA continued to adopt a series of maladaptive and repetitive behaviors which were associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS; including over-washing, over-checking, obsessing, and metal neutralizing). The priority of the present study was to explore how HA specifically affected OCS and whether difficulties in emotion regulation (DER) and pathological personality traits (PPT) affected the relationship between the HA and OCS.

The effect of regulatory T cells in Schistosoma-mediated protection against type 2 diabetes.

In western societies, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is related to the hygiene hypothesis, which implies that reduced exposure to infectious factors results in a loss of the immune stimulation necessary to form the immune system during development. In fact, it has been reported that parasites, such as Schistosoma, can improve or prevent the development of T2D, which may be related to the activity of immune cells, including regulatory T cells (Tregs). Hence, Schistosoma, Tregs, and T2D share a close relationship.

GENE EXPRESSION LEVEL, IMMUNOLOCALIZATION, AND FUNCTION OF FATTY ACID-BINDING PROTEIN FROM SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM.

The Schistosoma japonicum fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) is used in the cell membrane to absorb and transport fatty acids, which cannot be resynthesized by the organism and combined with hydrophobic ligands. Among the 5 stages of the worm life cycle examined, FABP messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression was highest in male adult worms, followed by the liver-stage schistosome, and was the lowest in the lung-stage schistosome. The fabp gene-coding region was cloned and expressed to obtain recombinant S.

Roseotoxin B alleviates cholestatic liver fibrosis through inhibiting PDGF-B/PDGFR-β pathway in hepatic stellate cells.

Identifying effective anti-fibrotic therapies is a major clinical need that remains unmet. In the present study, roseotoxin B was shown to possess an improving effect on cholestatic liver fibrosis in bile duct-ligated mice, as proved by histochemical and immunohistochemical staining, hepatic biochemical parameters, and TUNEL apoptotic cell detection in tissue sections. Using cellular thermal shift assay, computational molecular docking, microscale thermophoresis technology, and surface plasmon resonance biosensor, we confirmed that PDGFR-β was a direct target of roseotoxin B in fibrotic livers.