Publications by authors named "Yaw Nyame"

Objective: To compare Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scores derived from a standard multiparametric prostate MRI (mpMRI) protocol with those from a protocol consisting only of T2-weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced images (T2+DCE MRI).

Methods: In this retrospective, single-center, cross-sectional study approved by the IRB and compliant with HIPAA, 492 MRI exams performed in 2022 were analyzed. PI-RADS scores from mpMRIs were extracted from medical records, and new scores were generated for T2+DCE MRI following PI-RADS guidelines.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Black individuals are less likely to be treated for prostate cancer even though they are more than twice as likely to die compared to White individuals. The complex causes of these inequities are influenced by social and structural factors, including racism, which contribute to the differential delivery of care. This study investigates how factors related to the location of where individuals live and receive care affect treatment inequities for prostate cancer between Black and White individuals.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Small cell bladder cancer (SCBC) is a rare and aggressive type of cancer, prompting a study to compare outcomes of two treatment methods: cystectomy with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT).
  • The study examined data from an institutional database and SEER-Medicare, identifying 53 and 1166 patients, respectively, to evaluate overall survival (OS) and found that NAC followed by cystectomy resulted in a median OS of around 45-46 months compared to lower OS of 23-26 months with CCRT.
  • Although NAC + cystectomy correlated with a potential 30% reduction in mortality compared to CCRT, results were not statistically significant, highlighting
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: In the United States, Black men are at highest risk for being diagnosed with and dying from prostate cancer. Given this disparity, we examined relevant data to establish clinical prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening guidelines for Black men in the United States.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search identified 1848 unique publications for screening.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Objectives: Patients with histologic subtype bladder cancer (HSBC) suffer worse outcomes than those with conventional urothelial carcinoma (UC). We sought to characterize the use of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in HSBC after radical cystectomy (RC) using the National Cancer Database (NCDB).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively queried the NCDB (2006-2019) for patients with non-metastatic bladder cancer (BC) who underwent RC (N = 45,797).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) patients in Washington State face significant health challenges, including a higher likelihood of requiring urgent surgeries compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW), despite lower overall life expectancy.
  • Data from a study examining surgeries like hip replacements, spinal fusions, and aortic valve replacements revealed that AIAN patients were generally younger and at greater risk for urgent procedures.
  • The study suggests that Medicaid insurance is associated with increased risks for urgent surgeries among AIAN patients, highlighting the need for further research to address health disparities in this population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Purpose: The summary presented herein covers recommendations on salvage therapy for recurrent prostate cancer intended to facilitate care decisions and aid clinicians in caring for patients who have experienced a recurrence following prior treatment with curative intent. This is Part I of a three-part series focusing on treatment decision-making at the time of suspected biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). Please refer to Part II for discussion of treatment delivery for non-metastatic BCR after RP and Part III for discussion of evaluation and management of recurrence after radiotherapy (RT) and focal therapy, regional recurrence, and oligometastasis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Purpose: The summary presented herein covers recommendations on salvage therapy for recurrent prostate cancer intended to facilitate care decisions and aid clinicians in caring for patients who have experienced a recurrence following prior treatment with curative intent. This is Part III of a three-part series focusing on evaluation and management of suspected non-metastatic recurrence after radiotherapy (RT) and focal therapy, evaluation and management of regional recurrence, management for molecular imaging metastatic recurrence, and future directions. Please refer to Part I for discussion of treatment decision-making and Part II for discussion of treatment delivery for non-metastatic biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Purpose: The summary presented herein covers recommendations on salvage therapy for recurrent prostate cancer intended to facilitate care decisions and aid clinicians in caring for patients who have experienced a recurrence following prior treatment with curative intent. This is Part II of a three-part series focusing on treatment delivery for non-metastatic biochemical recurrence (BCR) after primary radical prostatectomy (RP). Please refer to Part I for discussion of treatment decision-making and Part III for discussion of evaluation and management of recurrence after radiotherapy (RT) and focal therapy, regional recurrence, and oligometastasis.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Black individuals in the United States are less likely than White individuals to receive curative therapies despite a 2-fold higher risk of prostate cancer death. While research has described treatment inequities, few studies have investigated underlying causes.

Methods: We analyzed a cohort of 40,137 Medicare beneficiaries (66 and older) linked to the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry who had clinically significant, non-metastatic (cT1-4N0M0, grade group 2-5) prostate cancer (diagnosed 2010-2015).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

To investigate the relative contributions of natural history and clinical interventions to racial disparities in prostate cancer mortality in the United States, we extended a model that was previously calibrated to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) incidence rates for the general population and for Black men. The extended model integrated SEER data on curative treatment frequencies and cancer-specific survival. Starting with the model for all men, we replaced up to 9 components with corresponding components for Black men, projecting age-standardized mortality rates for ages 40-84 years at each step.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Black men and other minoritized populations have represented 4-5% or less of participants in most practice-informing clinical trials. This study sought to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of clinicians around equity and inclusion in prostate cancer clinical trial initiatives in the United States.

Methods: An anonymous, web-based questionnaire was administered via REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) with questions focused on inclusivity of minoritized populations with respect to race and ethnicity in prostate cancer clinical trials research.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Examine the relationship between exposure to systemic glucocorticoids (steroids) and advanced prostate cancer (PCa) at presentation. Prior work suggested that steroid use may be associated with increased PCa risk.

Materials And Methods: We queried the linked SEER-Medicare database (2004-2015) to identify PSA screened patients diagnosed with PCa.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Patients with mental health disorders are at risk for receiving inequitable cancer treatment, likely resulting from various structural, social, and health-related factors. This study aims to assess the relationship between mental health disorders and the use of definitive treatment in a population-based cohort of those with localized, clinically significant prostate cancer.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study analysis in SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results)-Medicare (2004-2015).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Prostate cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in African American men, yet prostate cancer screening regimens in this group are poorly guided by existing evidence, given underrepresentation of African American men in prostate cancer screening trials. It is critical to optimize prostate cancer screening and early detection in this high-risk group because underdiagnosis may lead to later-stage cancers at diagnosis and higher mortality while overdiagnosis may lead to unnecessary treatment.

Methods: We performed a review of the literature related to prostate cancer screening and early detection specific to African American men to summarize the existing evidence available to guide health-care practice.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Purpose: Differences in bladder cancer outcomes have been demonstrated by sex and race/ethnicity, with studies showing a higher burden of adverse outcomes among women and racially minoritized populations. Despite these epidemiologic differences, populations with disproportionally adverse outcomes are often underrepresented in genomic cohorts. This exclusion impacts the accuracy and generalizability of genomic studies in bladder cancer and has the potential to widen disparities by sex and/or race/ethnicity.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Despite substantial advances in early detection/prevention and treatments, and improved outcomes in recent decades, prostate cancer continues to disproportionately affect Black men and is the secondleading cause of cancer death in this subgroup. Black men are substantially more likely to develop prostate cancer and are twice as likely to die from the disease compared with White men. In addition, Black men are younger at diagnosis and face a higher risk of aggressive disease relative to White men.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: µ-Opioid-receptor antagonists are a standard component of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways following radical cystectomy (RC) as they reduce ileus and shorten length of stay (LOS). Prior studies have used alvimopan; however, naloxegol is a less expensive medication in the same class. We compared differences in postoperative outcomes between patients receiving alvimopan or naloxegol following RC.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study examines the clonal architecture and evolution of 845 prostate cancer tumors, finding that tumors from self-reported Black patients tend to have more linear and monoclonal structures, linked to higher rates of biochemical recurrence.
  • It challenges previous beliefs by associating polyclonal architectures with worse clinical outcomes.
  • The research also introduces a new method for analyzing mutational signatures, revealing additional cases of genetic deficiencies that could have clinical significance and suggest further avenues for research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_sessiont2bc95dhalgttmkc4f1mdb5r7f3ltqkc): Failed to open stream: No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 177

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 137

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once