The effects of the combination of temozolomide and Eribulin on T98G human glioblastoma cell line: an ultrastructural study.

Glioblastoma tumors are the most aggressive primary brain tumors that develop resistance to temozolomide (TMZ). Eribulin (ERB) exhibits a unique mechanism of action by inhibiting microtubule dynamics during the G2/M cell cycle phase. We utilized the T98G human glioma cell line to investigate the effects of ERB and TMZ, both individually and in combination.

Angiopoietin as a Novel Prognostic Marker in Kidney Disease.

Introduction: Renal injury is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality; however, there are no reliable indicators for determining the likelihood of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD), CKD progression, or AKI events. Vascular growth factors called angiopoietins have a role in endothelial function, vascular remodeling, tissue stabilization, and inflammation and have been implicated as prognostic and predictive markers in AKI.

Methods: Although the exact mechanism of the relationship between kidney injury and angiopoietins is unknown, this review demonstrates that AKI patients have higher angiopoietin-2 levels and that higher angiopoietin-1 to angiopoietin-2 ratio may potentially be linked with a reduced risk of the CKD progression.

A potential approach toward the management of sepsis: The extracorporeal cytokine hemadsorption therapy.

Infectious diseases are among the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients while systemic inflammatory response syndrome is primarily attributed to the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Despite the improvements in the antibiotherapy alternatives and diagnostic modalities, the morbidity and mortality rates of sepsis and septic shock are relatively high among patients admitted to the intensive care units. Extracorporeal cytokine hemadsorption therapies are therapeutic approaches for such patient group with promising early results that especially have grown during COVID-19 pandemic.

Shared decision making in elderly patients with kidney failure.

'Elderly' is most commonly defined as an individual aged 65 years or older. However, this definition fails to account for the differences in genetics, lifestyle and overall health that contribute to significant heterogeneity among the elderly beyond chronological age. As the world population continues to age, the prevalence of chronic diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD), is increasing and CKD frequently progresses to kidney failure.

Glutathione-related antioxidant defence, DNA damage, and DNA repair in patients suffering from post-COVID conditions.

Post-COVID conditions are defined as the continuation of the symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) 3 months after the initial Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, with no other explanation. Post-COVID conditions are seen among 30%-60% of patients with asymptomatic or mild forms of COVID-19. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of post-COVID conditions are not known.

Tirzepatide and potential use for metabolically healthy obesity.

Metabolically healthy obesity or metabolically healthy overweight (MHO) is best described as being absent of any major metabolic disorder or cardiovascular diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease despite being obese or overweight. Nevertheless, MHO is being recognized as an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral artery disease. In addition, these patients are at a high risk of conversion to the metabolically unhealthy phenotype.

A review on renal autologous cell transplantation: an investigational approach towards chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease is among the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in adult population with limited therapeutic approaches including various medications and kidney replacement therapies. Kidney transplantation is the gold standard therapeutic alternative for the management of chronic kidney disease; nonetheless, important drawbacks include the lack of adequate living or deceased donors, high rates of pre- and post-operative complications including surgical complications, infectious complications and medication-induced adverse effects. With the latest preclinical and in vitro studies demonstrating the potentiality of kidney cells obtained from diseased kidneys to convert into fully functional kidney cells lead to a novel therapeutic alternative referred as autologous selected renal cell transplantation.

Hybrid statistical and machine learning modeling of cognitive neuroscience data.

The nested data structure is prevalent for cognitive measure experiments due to repeatedly taken observations from different brain locations within subjects. The analysis methods used for this data type should consider the dependency structure among the repeated measurements. However, the dependency assumption is mainly ignored in the cognitive neuroscience data analysis literature.

Novel strategies in nephrology: what to expect from the future?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) will become the fifth global case of death by 2040. Its largest impact is on premature mortality but the number of persons with kidney failure requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is also increasing dramatically. Current RRT is suboptimal due to the shortage of kidney donors and dismal outcomes associated with both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

The pathophysiology and management of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease patients.

Introduction: Vascular calcification (VC) which is the pathological mineral deposition in the vascular system, predominantly at the intimal and medial layer of the vessel wall, is an important comorbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading to significant morbidity and mortality while necessitating appropriate treatment. Our review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the current understanding of VC.

Areas Covered: In this review, we first discuss the pathophysiology of VC in CKD patients, then we explain the methods to predict and assess VC.

Responses to Hypoxia: How Fructose Metabolism and Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1a Pathways Converge in Health and Disease.

Purpose Of Review: Oxygen is critical for the high output of energy (adenosine triphosphate) generated by oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, and when oxygen delivery is impaired due to systemic hypoxia, impaired or reduced delivery of red blood cells, or from local ischemia, survival processes are activated.

Recent Findings: One major mechanism is the activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) that act to reduce oxygen needs by blocking mitochondrial function and stimulating glucose uptake and glycolysis while also stimulating red blood cell production and local angiogenesis. Recently, endogenous fructose production with uric acid generation has also been shown to occur in hypoxic and ischemic tissues where it also appears to drive the same functions, and indeed, there is evidence that many of hypoxia-inducible factors effects may be mediated by the stimulation of fructose production and metabolism.

Thyroid hormone Beta receptor agonists for treatment of kidney disease: A promising agent?

Background: Chronic kidney disease is a common disorder affecting a significant portion of the adult population with high mortality and morbidity. Obesity and hyperlipidemia are prevalent in chronic kidney disease, and they may trigger fat accumulation in renal parenchyma and eventually fatty kidney. Chronic kidney disease and fatty kidney are also strongly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Effects of freezing of gait on balance in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of freezing of gait (FOG) on static and dynamic balance.

Methods: Twenty patients with Parkinson's disease with and without FOG [PD+FOG (68,6±6,39 years) and PD-FOG group (70,6±4,57 years)] and 10 healthy individuals (68,4±4,92 years) with similar demographic characteristics were included in the study. Balance was compared between the three groups.

The Role of Systemic Immune Inflammation Index for Predicting Saphenous Vein Graft Disease in Patients with Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

As inflammation plays a significant role in the development of coronary artery disease, we hypothesized that there may be a relation between the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and saphenous vein graft disease (SVGD). The study population consisted of 716 consecutive patients who underwent elective coronary angiography (CAG) >1 year after bypass grafting. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the extent of SVG patency.

Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability and risk of dementia in chronic kidney disease patients: why are blood pressure changes so important in cognitive functions?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with cognitive functional impairment or dementia in addition to cardiovascular diseases. Aging of the population and the increasing prevalence of CKD in elderly patients are making dementia more prevalent. Blood pressure (BP) variability is an important risk factor for dementia.

Performance of the ATRIA Bleeding Score in Predicting the Risk of In-Hospital Bleeding in Patients with ST-Elevation or Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Introduction: A clear assessment of the bleeding risk score in patients presenting with myocardial infarction (MI) is crucial because of its impact on prognosis. The Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA score is a validated risk score to predict bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation (AF), but its predictive value in predicting bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-STEMI (NSTEMI) patients receiving antithrombotic therapy is unknown. Our aim was to investigate the predictive performance of the ATRIA bleeding score in STEMI and NSTEMI patients in comparison to the CRUSADE (Can Rapid risk stratification of Unstable angina patients Suppress ADverse outcomes with Early implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines) and ACUITY-HORIZONS (Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage strategY-Harmonizing Outcomes with Revascularization and Stents in Acute Myocardial Infarction) bleeding scores.

The role of body mass index on IgA nephropathy prognosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Recent studies show that obese patients have worse outcomes in IgA nephropathy as compared to normal weight patients.

Materials And Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective, retrospective, randomized and nonrandomized studies, which studied the impact of obesity or high body mass index (BMI) on different parameters of IgA nephropathy prognosis and outcome. We searched through PubMed, Ovid/Medline, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley).

Future of kidney imaging: Functional magnetic resonance imaging and kidney disease progression.

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) which is a common cause of death has an increasing trend, but there is no established approach for predicting CKD progression yet. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies such as blood oxygenation level-dependent MRI (BOLD-MRI), diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI-MRI), diffusion-tensor MRI (DTI-MRI) and arterial spin labelling MRI (ASL-MRI) are rising methods for the assessment of kidney functions in native and transplanted kidneys as well as the estimation of CKD progression.

Methods: Systematic literature review was performed through the Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley), PubMed/Medline and Web of Science databases, and studies investigating the role of fMRI methods assessing kidney functions in native and transplanted kidneys, as well as the value of fMRI methods to predict CKD progression, were included.

Plasma atherogenic indices are independent predictors of slow coronary flow.

Background: Although the pathophysiology of coronary slow flow (CSF) has not been fully elucidated, emerging data increasingly support potential role for subclinical diffuse atherosclerosis in the etiology of CSF. We aimed to investigate relationship between atherogenic indices and CSF.

Methods: 130 patients with CSF diagnosed according to Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI)-frame count (TFC) method and 130 controls who had normal coronary flow (NCF) were included in this retrospective study.

Personalized reference intervals - statistical approaches and considerations.

For many measurands, physicians depend on population-based reference intervals (popRI), when assessing laboratory test results. The availability of personalized reference intervals (prRI) may provide a means to improve the interpretation of laboratory test results for an individual. prRI can be calculated using estimates of biological and analytical variation and previous test results obtained in a steady-state situation.

Geriatric nutritional risk index is a predictor of recurrent percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction.

Aim To investigate the relationship between malnutrition and follow-up cardiovascular (CV) events in non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).Material and methods A retrospective study was performed on 298 patients with NSTEMI. The baseline geriatric nutritionalrisk index (GNRI) was calculated at the first visit.

Potential role of the geriatric nutritional risk index as a novel risk factor for the development of non-valvular atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure.

Purpose: The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) is a simple and objective nutritional assessment tool for elderly patients. Lower GNRI values are associated with a worse prognosis in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Our aim is to investigate the relationship between malnutrition and follow-up cardiovascular (CV) events in HFrEF.

Slow Flow Phenomenon Impairs the Prognosis of Coronary Artery Ectasia as Well as Coronary Atherosclerosis.

Introduction: Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is one of the uncommon cardiovascular disorders and its prognosis is still debated.

Objective: We aimed to review long-term follow-up data in patients with CAE and to evaluate the prognosis of CAE patients with coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP).

Methods: This study had a prospective design and 143 patients with CAE were included.

Association Between Serum Elabela Levels and Chronic Totally Occlusion in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris.

Background: The beneficial effects of Elabela on the cardiovascular system have been shown in studies.

Objective: To compare serum Elabela levels of chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients with control patients with normal coronary arteries, and to investigate whether there is a correlation with collateral development.

Methods: The study was planned cross-sectionally and prospectively.

Elabela as a novel marker: Well-correlated with WIfI amputation risk score in lower extremity arterial disease patients.

Objective: Worldwide, over 200 million people are diagnosed with lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD). LEAD significantly increases the risk of death and amputation of the lower limb. A new classification system (WIfI) has been proposed to initially assess all patients with ischemic rest pain or wounds and also predicts 1-year amputation risk.