Dual-modal overcoming of physical barriers for improved photodynamic cancer therapy via soft organosilica nanocapsules.

Amidst the burgeoning field of cancer nanomedicine, dense extracellular matrices and anomalous vascular structures in the tumor microenvironment (TME) present substantial physical barriers to effective therapeutic delivery. These physical barriers hinder the optimal bioavailability of nanomedicine. Here, we propose a pioneering dual-modal strategy for overcoming physical barriers via soft organosilica nanocapsules (SMONs).

Effect of Co Irradiation on Boehmite Dissolution in Caustic Solutions.

Here, we examine how radiation impacts the dissolution behavior of boehmite by subjecting dry nanoparticles of different sizes to Co γ radiation and subsequently analyzing their dissolution behavior in caustic solutions as a function of temperature. The measured kinetics show that irradiation with an amount 228.24 Mrad significantly slows the dissolution rate, particularly for smaller sizes at lower temperatures.

Repurposing endogenous type I-E CRISPR-Cas systems for natural product discovery in Streptomyces.

The multifunctional proteins of class 2 CRISPR systems such as Cas9, have been employed to activate cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in Streptomyces, which represent a large and hidden reservoir of natural products. However, such approaches are not applicable to most Streptomyces strains with reasons to be comprehended. Inspired by the prevalence of the class 1 subtype especially the type I-E CRISPR system in Streptomyces, here we report the development of the type I-E CRISPR system into a series of transcriptional regulation tools.

Matrix-degrading soft-nanoplatform with enhanced tissue penetration for amplifying photodynamic therapeutic efficacy of breast cancer.

The dense extracellular matrix (ECM) in the tumor microenvironment forms an abnormal physical barrier, which impedes the delivery and penetration of nanomedicines and hinders their therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we synthesize matrix-degrading soft-nanocapsules composed of human serum albumin (HSA) and hyaluronidase (HAase) for overcoming the obstruction of ECM in the tumor microenvironment. The matrix-degrading human serum albumin/hyaluronidase soft-nanocapsules, referred to as HSA/HAase SNCs, possess a uniform diameter, inward hollow structure, and wrinkled morphology.

Anionic Effects on Concentrated Aqueous Lithium Ion Dynamics.

The dynamics, orientational anisotropy, diffusivity, viscosity, and density were measured for concentrated lithium salt solutions, including lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium nitrite (LiNO), and lithium nitrate (LiNO), with methyl thiocyanate as an infrared vibrational probe molecule, using two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and viscometry. The 2D IR, NMR, and viscosity results show that LiNO exhibits longer correlation times, lower diffusivity, and nearly 4 times greater viscosity compared to those of the other lithium salt solutions of the same concentration, suggesting that nitrite anions may strongly facilitate structure formation via strengthening water-ion network interactions, directly impacting bulk solution properties at sufficiently high concentrations. Additionally, the LiNO and LiNO solutions show significantly weakened chemical interactions between the lithium cations and the methyl thiocyanate when compared with those of the lithium halide salts.

Comparing ChatGPT's and surgeon's responses to thyroid-related questions from patients.

Background: For some common thyroid-related conditions with high prevalence and long follow-up times, ChatGPT can be used to respond to common thyroid-related questions. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the ability of ChatGPT (version GPT-4.0) to provide accurate, comprehensive, compassionate, and satisfactory responses to common thyroid-related questions.

Facet-dependent dispersion and aggregation of aqueous hematite nanoparticles.

Nanoparticle aggregates in solution controls surface reactivity and function. Complete dispersion often requires additive sorbents to impart a net repulsive interaction between particles. Facet engineering of nanocrystals offers an alternative approach to produce monodisperse suspensions simply based on facet-specific interaction with solvent molecules.

Effect of Adsorbed Carboxylates on the Dissolution of Boehmite Nanoplates in Highly Alkaline Solutions.

Understanding the dissolution of boehmite in highly alkaline solutions is important to processing complex nuclear waste stored at the Hanford (WA) and Savannah River (SC) sites in the United States. Here, we report the adsorption of model carboxylates on boehmite nanoplates in alkaline solutions and their effects on boehmite dissolution in 3 M NaOH at 80 °C. Although expectedly lower than at circumneutral pH, adsorption of oxalate occurred at pH 13, with adsorption decreasing linearly to 3 M NaOH.

Multimodal Imaging-Guided Photoimmunotherapy of Pancreatic Cancer by Organosilica Nanomedicine.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatments have contributed to substantial clinical progress. However, challenges persist, including inefficient drug delivery and penetration into deep tumor areas, inadequate response to ICB treatments, and potential risk of inflammation due to over-activation of immune cells and uncontrolled release of cytokines following immunotherapy. In response, this study, for the first time, presents a multimodal imaging-guided organosilica nanomedicine (DCCGP) for photoimmunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.

Circ_LDLR promotes the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma by regulating miR-1294/HMGB3 axis.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been found to be associated with the development and progression of cancers including papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Circ_LDLR has been reported to be highly expressed in PTC, but its underlying mechanism of action has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the role of circ_LDLR in PTC.

Exploring the key genetic association between chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through integrated bioinformatics.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) develops rapidly and has a poor prognosis. It has been demonstrated that pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and chronic pancreatitis (CP) have a close connection. However, the underlying mechanisms for chronic pancreatitis transforming into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma are still unclear.

Biomimetic Gold Nanorods Modified with Erythrocyte Membranes for Imaging-Guided Photothermal/Gene Synergistic Therapy.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most malignant cancers that develops rapidly and carries a poor prognosis. Synergistic cancer therapy strategy could enhance the clinical efficacy compared to either treatment alone. In this study, gold nanorods (AuNRs) were used as siRNA delivery vehicles to interfere with the oncogenes of KRAS.

Precision Delivery of Dual Immune Inhibitors Loaded Nanomodulator to Reverse Immune Suppression for Combinational Photothermal-Immunotherapy.

Although photothermal therapy (PTT) can noninvasively kill tumor cells and exert synergistic immunological effects, the immune responses are usually harmed due to the lack of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) pre-infiltration and co-existing of intricate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), including the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1)/cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47)/regulatory T cells (Tregs)/M2-macrophages overexpression. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase inhibitor (NLG919) or bromodomain extra-terminal inhibitor (OTX015) holds great promise to reprogram suppressive TME through different pathways, but their collaborative application remains a formidable challenge because of the poor water solubility and low tumor targeting. To address this challenge, a desirable nanomodulator based on dual immune inhibitors loaded mesoporous polydopamine nanoparticles is designed.

[The application of three-dimensional visualization in the endoscopic thyroidectomy].

To explore the application value of three dimensional（3D） visualization in the endoscopic thyroidectomy. Fifty patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma confirmed by preoperative fine needle aspiration（FNA） were randomly divided into the combined group （20 cases） and the simple operation group （30 cases）. Endoscopic thyroid surgery combined with three-dimensional visualization model was used in the combined group.

Label-Free Imaging of Humic Substance Bioaccumulation by Pump-Probe Microscopy.

Humic substances (HS) are the most abundant forms of natural organic matter on the earth surface. Comprised of decomposed plant and animal materials rich in carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur complexes, HS facilitate global carbon and nitrogen cycling and the transport of anthropogenic contaminants. While it is known that HS also interact with organisms at different trophic levels to produce beneficial and harmful effects whether HS exert these biological effects through accumulation remains unknown.

A label-free technique to quantify and visualize gold nanoparticle accumulation at the single-cell level.

Despite their wide bioapplications, potential health risks of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) remain unclear. As a determinant of their risks, AuNP accumulation within a cell population is subject to cell-to-cell heterogeneity. Methods to simultaneously quantify and visualize intracellular AuNPs at the single-cell level are, however, lacking.

Recent Advances in Silent Gene Cluster Activation in .

Natural products (NPs) are critical sources of drug molecules for decades. About two-thirds of natural antibiotics are produced by have a large number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (SM-BGCs) that may encode NPs. However, most of these BGCs are silent under standard laboratory conditions.

Unbound Natural Organic Matter Competes with Nanoparticles for Internalization Receptors During Cell Uptake.

Natural organic matter (NOM) that forms coronas on the surface of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) affects their stability, bio-uptake, and toxicity. After corona formation, a large amount of unbound NOM remains in the environment and their effects on organismal uptake of NPs remain unknown. Here, the effects of unbound NOM on the uptake of polyacrylate-coated hematite NPs (HemNPs) by the protozoan were examined.

Algal Foods Reduce the Uptake of Hematite Nanoparticles by Downregulating Water Filtration in Daphnia magna.

Rapid developments in nanotechnology have led to the release of substantial amounts of nanoparticles (NPs) into aquatic environments, where many types of biotic particles are present and could potentially interact with the NPs. Nevertheless, how biotic particles may affect the bioaccumulation and toxicity of NPs remains largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii on the accumulation kinetics (uptake, assimilation, efflux) and toxicity of polyacrylate-coated hematite NPs (HemNPs), using Daphnia magna as the test organism.