Nonlinear association between blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio and obstructive sleep apnea: a cross-sectional study from NHANES.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder that is closely associated with metabolic conditions. The Blood Urea Nitrogen to Creatinine Ratio(BUCR) is commonly utilized as a tool for evaluating renal function, particularly in cases where there are concerns about pre-renal or renal causes of azotemia. However, the connection between OSA and BUCR is not yet fully understood.

[Image reconstruction for cerebral hemorrhage based on improved densely-connected fully convolutional neural network].

Cerebral hemorrhage is a serious cerebrovascular disease with high morbidity and high mortality, for which timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a functional imaging technique which is able to detect abnormal changes of electrical property of the brain tissue at the early stage of the disease. However, irregular multi-layer structure and different conductivity properties of each layer affect image reconstruction of the brain EIT, resulting in low reconstruction quality.

How does the ultrasonic assist CO immiscible flooding?

CO flooding is considered one of the most important methods for reducing CO emissions and increasing oil production from reservoirs. However, the challenges of low recovery rates and poor economic benefits in CO immiscible flooding significantly hinder its widespread application. To address these issues, this paper proposes the use of ultrasonic-assisted CO immiscible flooding to enhance oil recovery (EOR) and analyzes its underlying mechanisms.

Improving lipid nanoparticles delivery efficiency of macrophage cells by using immunomodulatory small molecules.

Nucleic acid drug delivery remains a key challenge in the development of nucleic acid therapy. How to improve the efficiency of nucleic acid delivery is still an important strategy for Lipofectamine 3000 and LNP development. Here, we screened 248 inhibitors or agonists related to immune modulation and identified three small molecules (BP-1-102, SCH58261, and Bropirimine) that could enhance the transfection efficiency to 2-fold to 5-fold of Lipofectamine 3000 and LNP, all of which are currently approved for clinical use in the treatment of the most common malignant tumors.

Physiological adjustments of temperate tree species and herbs in response to low root temperatures.

Hydraulic constraints induced by low root temperature might be a major cause for the low temperature limit of plants. However, up to date most of our knowledge on the physiological effects of low root temperatures derived from short-term lab experiments, with very limited information on potential adjustments to continuous low temperature stress. In this study, we quantified the cold sensitivity of root water uptake and transport to leaves in seedlings of different functional plant types (conifers, broadleaved trees and annual herbs) by 2H-H2O labelling after exposure to three constant root temperatures (15°C, 7°C and 2°C) but the same higher aboveground temperatures (between 20-25 °C).

Enhanced antitumor efficacy of STING agonist MSA-2 by lipid nanoparticles delivering circular IL-23 mRNA and platinum-modified MSA-2 combination.

A next-generation STING agonist MSA-2 is a promising tumor immunotherapy strategy. However, the methods for improving the anti-tumor efficacy of MSA-2 are a lot of effort. We have demonstrated antitumor effect of platinum-modified MSA-2 (MSA-2-Pt) was better than MSA-2.

Superhydrophobic and Self-Healing Porous Organic Macrocycle Crystals for Methane Purification under Humid Conditions.

Purifying methane from natural gas using adsorbents not only requires the adsorbents to possess excellent separation performance but also to overcome additional daunting challenges such as humidity interference and durability requirements for sustainable use. Herein, porous organic crystals of a new macrocycle () with superhydrophobic and self-healing features are prepared and employed for the purification of methane (>99.99% purity) from ternary methane/ethane/propane mixtures under 97% relative humidity.

Allergen sensitization patterns: Allergic rhinitis with multimorbidity versus alone-A real-world study.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) multimorbidity may need to be considered a specific disease because of distinct clinical and immunological differences from AR alone. Allergic multimorbidity often involves polysensitization, where allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) plays a significant role.

Objective: This study aims to explore differences in allergen IgE sensitization patterns between AR alone and AR multimorbidity.

Fe diaspora titanium dioxide and graphene: A study of conductive powder materials and coating applications.

Developing new conductive primers to ensure electrostatic spraying is crucial in response to the call for lightweight production of new energy vehicles. We report a stabilized material, Fe-T/G, of Fe-doped TiO composite graphene synthesized by a simple hydrothermal and electrostatic self-assembly method. The resistivity decreases from 0.

The dysregulation of PARP9 expression is linked to apoptosis and DNA damage in gastric cancer cells.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a highly malignant gastrointestinal tumor characterized by difficult early diagnosis and poor prognosis. Therefore, it is imperative to explore potential therapeutic targets for gastric cancer. PARP9 is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors and is associated with tumor cell apoptosis and DNA damage.

The triglyceride-glucose index and risk of cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis with inclusion of two national databases.

Background: To investigate the relationship between the triglyceride and glucose (TyG) index and cognitive impairment (CI).

Methods: Five authoritative databases were systematically searched for potentially relevant studies on 'TyG index' and 'CI' from inception to 27 April 2024. Two representative databases from the United Kingdom and United States were also included.

Application of "Internet +" continuous emotion management training in patients with depression.

Objective: Explore the application effects of "Internet +" continuous emotional management training in depression patients and analyze the feasibility of innovative rehabilitation training methods.

Methods: Conveniently selected 100 discharged patients meeting the diagnostic criteria for depression from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University between August 2022 and January 2023 as study subjects. They were divided into an intervention group and a control group according to their discharge time, with 50 patients in each group.

Neonatal vitamin A but not retinoic acid administration increases intramuscular adipocyte number in sheep by promoting vascularization.

This study investigated whether vitamin A (VA) administration during the neonatal stage could increase the number of intramuscular adipocytes in Hu sheep by promoting vascularity. A total of 56 newborn male Hu sheep were divided into four groups and received intramuscular injections of either 0, 7500 IU retinoic acid (RA), 7500 IU VA, or a combination of 7500 IU VA and 5 mg SU5416 (an angiogenic inhibitor), at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days of age. At 15 days of age, 6 sheep from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed for intramuscular adipogenic capacity analysis.

A meta-analysis comparing volar locking plates and cast immobilization for distal radius fractures in the elderly.

Background: The long-term outcomes (≥ 2 years of follow-up) of volar locked plate (VLP) fixation versus closed reduction and casting (CRC) for the treatment of displaced distal radial fractures (DRFs) remain unclear. This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis comparing the long-term clinical outcomes of VLP and CRC in elderly patients (aged ≥ 60 years).

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library was performed to identify studies comparing the long-term outcomes of VLP and CRC for DRFs.

Interface Charge Engineering in Ferroelectric Neuristors for a Complete Machine Vision System.

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has driven the demand for hardware solutions of neuromorphic pathways to effectively mimic biological functions of the human visual system. However, current machine vision systems (MVSs) fail to fully replicate retinal functions and lack the ability to update weights through all-optical pulses. Here, by employing rational interface charge engineering via varying the charge trapping layer thickness of PMMA, we determine that the ferroelectric polarization of our ferroelectric neuristors can be flexibly manipulated through light or electrical pulses.

Diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in rhizosphere during reproduction in the Yellow River delta.

Salinization in the Yellow River delta poses a challenge for agriculture, but nitrogen-fixing bacteria can improve soil nitrogen content and enhance plant growth under salt stress. This study focuses on the salt-tolerant plant , analyzing its plant traits and the diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in its rhizosphere using the gene. Results show a gradual decline in plant height, fresh weight, and microbial diversity from inland to coastal areas.

Environmental enrichment attenuates maternal separation-induced excessive hoarding behavior in adult female mice.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that early life stress (ELS) impacts hoarding behavior in adult humans. This study aimed to assess the potential mitigation by environmental enrichment on hoarding behavior in rodents caused by maternal separation, thereby providing insights into therapeutic strategies for hoarding disorder.

Methods: Newborn mice were randomly divided into four groups.

Vitamin D requirements and relative bioavailability for starter male White Pekin ducks fed either cholecalciferol or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol.

The objectives were to investigate effects of various concentrations of dietary vitamin D (VD) or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D) on growth performance, VD status, calcium (Ca) metabolism, and tibia mineralization of starter male White Pekin ducks, and dietary requirements and relative bioavailability of these two compounds. One-day-old male White Pekin ducks (n = 624) were assigned to 13 dietary treatments, including 6 added VD concentrations (100, 200, 400, 800, 1200, and 2000 IU/kg), and 2 vitamin D sources (VD and 25-OH-D), plus a negative control (no vitamin D supplementation) for 21 days. Each group had 6 replicate pens of 8 birds per pen.

Altered mammary gland development and pro-tumorigenic changes in young female mice following prenatal BPAF exposure.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is being phased out owing to its endocrine-disrupting effects and is increasingly being replaced by its substitute compounds such as bisphenol AF (BPAF). This study aims to explore the potential adverse outcomes of prenatal BPAF exposure combined with postnatal cross-fostering on the development and long-term health effects of the mammary gland in offspring. The results suggested that prenatal BPAF exposure accelerates the puberty, and induces duct dilatations, angiogenesis, lobular hyperplasia, and enhanced inflammatory cell infiltration in the mammary gland of female offspring.

Synergistic effects of Li01 and psyllium husk prevent mice from developing loperamide-induced constipation.

Constipation is a gastrointestinal (GI) condition marked by difficulty in defecation, abdominal pain and distension, significantly impacting both physical and mental health. Li01 (Li01) is a probiotic known to prevent constipation in mice, while psyllium husk (PSH) is a dietary fiber with high water retention, acting as an intestinal lubricant. This study investigates the effects of a combined treatment of Li01 and PSH on mice with loperamide-induced constipation.

Exon Sequencing of HNF1β in Chinese Patients with Early-Onset Diabetes.

Backgruound: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) due to variants of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta (HNF1β) (MODY5) has not been well studied in the Chinese population. This study aimed to estimate its prevalence and evaluate the application of a clinical screening method (Faguer score) in Chinese early-onset diabetes (EOD) patients.

Methods: Among 679 EOD patients clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (age at diagnosis ≤40 years), the exons of HNF1β were sequenced.

Characterizing transcripts of HIV-1 different substrains using direct RNA sequencing.

Post-transcriptional processing and modification of viral RNA, including alternative splicing, polyadenylation, and methylation, play crucial roles in regulating viral gene expression, enhancing genomic stability, and increasing replication efficiency. These processes have significant implications for viral biology and antiviral therapies. In this study, using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) direct RNA sequencing (DRS), we provided a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptome and epitranscriptome features of the HIV-1 B (NL4-3) subtype strain and, for the first time, characterized these features in the CRF01_AE (GX2005002) subtype strain.