Physical Therapy for Patients with Thoracolumbar Vertebral Fractures.

Vertebral fractures are a common cause of back pain and pain-related functional impairments in elderly patients. Despite their widespread occurrence, vertebral fractures frequently remain underdiagnosed, often leading to suboptimal management and poor clinical outcomes. This review specifically examines the role of physical therapy (PT) in managing vertebral fractures, describing current literature and evidence-based guidelines from the American Physical Therapy Association and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

Management of traumatic spinal cord injury: A current concepts review of contemporary and future treatment.

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a condition leading to inflammation, edema, and dysfunction of the spinal cord, most commonly due to trauma, tumor, infection, or vascular disturbance. Symptoms include sensory and motor loss starting at the level of injury; the extent of damage depends on injury severity as detailed in the ASIA score. In the acute setting, maintaining mean arterial pressure (MAP) higher than 85 mmHg for up to 7 days following injury is preferred; although caution must be exercised when using vasopressors such as phenylephrine due to serious side effects such as pulmonary edema and death.

Autoregulation of GPCR signalling through the third intracellular loop.

The third intracellular loop (ICL3) of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) fold is important for the signal transduction process downstream of receptor activation. Despite this, the lack of a defined structure of ICL3, combined with its high sequence divergence among GPCRs, complicates characterization of its involvement in receptor signalling. Previous studies focusing on the β adrenergic receptor (βAR) suggest that ICL3 is involved in the structural process of receptor activation and signalling.