Social marketing analysis of 20 [corrected] years of hand hygiene promotion.

Objective: To assess published hand hygiene behavioral interventions that employed a social marketing framework and to recommend improvements to future interventions.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature review by searching the PubMed database and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature for published articles about hand hygiene behavioral interventions in healthcare facilities, schools, and community settings. Our analysis included articles that describe multifaceted interventions and evaluated them with predefined social marketing benchmark criteria.