Intraepithelial involvement of non-neoplastic glands in papillary preinvasive neoplasms of the biliary tract: a potential diagnostic pitfall.

Intracholecystic papillary neoplasms of the gallbladder (ICPN) and intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (IPNB) show intramural neoplastic growths in addition to intraluminal papillary or polypoid neoplastic growth. Such intramural growths include intraepithelial involvement of non-neoplastic glands by preinvasive neoplastic epithelia (glandular involvement) as well as stromal invasive carcinoma. A total of 29 ICPN cases and 84 IPNB cases were pathologically examined for their glandular involvement.

[A Case of a Massive Retropharyngeal Hematoma Associated with Traumatic Cervical Cord Injury].

Retropharyngeal hematomas are uncommon, but they may rarely cause occlusion of the upper airway and threaten life. Retropharyngeal hematomas often occur due to head or neck injury;they rarely occur due to iatrogenic causes such as insertion of a gastric tube or anticoagulant therapy. It has been found that patients receiving anticoagulant therapy are more likely to experience potentially severe retropharyngeal hematomas.

Analysis of aggregation and dispersion states of small particles in concentrated suspension by using diffused photon density wave spectroscopy.

Recently, inspection of chemical components like melamine plays an important role in food industry for the food safety. However, conventional analyzing methods require a lot of preparations and much of time. We propose a real-time method for investing the mean particle size and number density of concentrated suspensions without any preparations.

Light diffusion model for determination of optical properties of rectangular parallelepiped highly scattering media.

A method to determine the absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of rectangular parallelepiped highly scattering media from frequency-domain photon migration measurements is presented. An analytical model for photon diffusion propagation in the rectangular parallelepiped media is established using the method of images and extrapolated boundary conditions. This present technique has simplicity, accuracy, and rapid computability as compared with the Monte Carlo or finite element methods.

In-line type micropulse lidar with an annular beam: theoretical approach.

An in-line type micropulse lidar (MPL) with an annular beam was designed and the transmitting and receiving characteristics were analyzed. Because the in-line MPL utilizes a common telescope for a transmitter and a receiver and the annular beam always overlaps with the receiver's field of view (FOV), it can measure near-range lidar echoes with a narrow FOV. The transmitting annular beam changes its shape to a nearly nondiffractive beam through propagation.

In-line type micropulse lidar with an annular beam: experiment.

An in-line type compact micropulse lidar (MPL) with an annular beam was developed for low-altitude cloud measurement. An optical circulator and a couple of axicon prisms for an annular beam were installed on the lidar optics. The advantage of using the in-line MPL is its ability to obtain a near-range measurement with a narrow field of view of 0.

Long-optical-path scanning mechanism for optical coherence tomography.

A new scanning mechanism for changing long optical paths is proposed. This mechanism consists of corner reflectors arranged equally upon a disk and an outer mirror. Rotating the 120-mm disk causes a long-optical-path change in each reflector with a near linearity of more than 40 mm.