Partially thrombosed middle cerebral artery-lenticulostriate artery aneurysm with native radiological examinations suggesting proximal lenticulostriate artery aneurysm: A case report.

Background: Preservation of the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) is crucial. LSAs usually cannot be spared with LSA aneurysms, when surgical clipping/excision or endovascular embolization of the LSA itself is performed. On the other hand, the LSA should be separated and preserved for proximal middle cerebral artery (M1)-LSA aneurysms.

Trauma may affect vasa vasorum to promote thrombosis and enlargement of intracranial aneurysms: A case report.

Background: Thrombosed intracranial aneurysm (IA) is likely to occur in large or giant IAs. Almost all thrombosed IAs are found already in a thrombosed state, and few reports have depicted the process of thrombosis in unthrombosed aneurysm. Moreover, no reports appear to have described IA in which thrombosis accelerated after trauma.

Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations as Acquired Lesions: Case Reports and Review of the Literature.

Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are generally attributed to congenital lesions that arise from aberrant vasculogenesis between the fourth and eighth weeks of embryonic life. However, this dogma has been challenged by several recent observations, one of which is de novo formation of AVMs. Forty cases of de novo AVMs were published between 2000 and 2019, all of which involved a history of intracranial insult, such as vascular abnormalities or nonvascular conditions, prior to AVM diagnosis.

Lactate and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Cistern as Biomarkers of Early Brain Injury and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Objective: The pathophysiology of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) has not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in carotid cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and to discuss their effectiveness as markers of early brain injury (EBI) and DCI following aSAH.

Patients And Methods: Among 91 consecutive aSAH patients treated between January 2012 and March 2019 at National Hospital Organization Beppu Medical Center, 19 patients (20.

The Potentiality for Development of Multiple Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas after Ligation of the Internal Jugular Vein: A Case Report.

A 74-year-old male presented with an intracranial hemorrhage caused by multiple dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) in the left transverse sinus and right sigmoid sinus. Four months previously, the patient underwent tongue cancer removal with lymph node dissection and ligation of the right internal jugular vein. Endovascular embolization (transvenous and transarterial embolization) resulted in the complete disappearance of the fistulas.

Third nerve palsy caused by compression of the posterior communicating artery aneurysm does not depend on the size of the aneurysm, but on the distance between the ICA and the anterior-posterior clinoid process.

Objective: Third nerve palsy (TNP) caused by a posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm is a well-known symptom of the condition, but the characteristics of unruptured PCoA aneurysm-associated third nerve palsy have not been fully evaluated. The aim of this study was to analyze the anatomical features of PCoA aneurysms that caused TNP from the viewpoint of the relationship between the ICA and the skull base.

Methods: Forty-eight unruptured PCoA aneurysms were treated surgically between January 2008 and September 2013.

Electroconvulsive seizure-induced VEGF is correlated with neuroprotective effects against cerebral infarction: Involvement of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway.

The present study demonstrates the cytoprotective effect of electrical convulsive stimulation (ECS) as a potential neuroprotective vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inducer against ischemic insult. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) is thought to be an important factor that mediates neuroprotection. However, the signaling pathways in the brain in vivo after ECS remain unclear.

The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt pathway mediates geranylgeranylacetone-induced neuroprotection against cerebral infarction in rats.

Previous studies demonstrated the cytoprotective effect of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), a heat shock protein inducer, against ischemic insult. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt (PI3K/Akt) is thought to be an important factor that mediates neuroprotection. However, the signaling pathways in the brain in vivo after oral GGA administration remain unclear.

Long-term suppression of tremor by deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus combined with pallidotomy in hemiparkinsonian patients.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM) is a powerful surgical option in the treatment of tremor-predominant Parkinson's disease. However, its therapeutic efficacy depends on the tremor distribution. DBS is highly efficient in relief of distal appendicular tremor but not other types of tremor.

Severe postoperative vasculitis of the central nervous system in a child with arteriovenous malformation: case report.

Background: Cerebral vasculitis is very rare complication after craniotomy. We report a case and discuss the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this complication.

Case Description: A 12-year-old boy was admitted because of a consciousness disturbance due to a ruptured AVM.

De novo appearance of cerebellar cavernous malformation in a patient with moyamoya disease: case report and review of the literature.

The authors report a case of cerebellar cavernous malformation associated with moyamoya disease. An adolescent male with moyamoya disease had undergone bilateral direct and indirect extracranial-intracranial anastomosis at 11 years of age, and the course had been uneventful until MRI detected the appearance of a cavernous malformation in the cerebellum 3 years later. The lesion had grown, bled, and caused headache and disturbance of consciousness 2 years after the initial detection.

Moyamoya disease associated with midaortic syndrome.

We report a 1-year-old girl who presented moyamoya disease associated with midaortic syndrome. She had been treated for cardiac failure and severe hypertension due to midaortic syndrome until she suffered seizure and repeated cerebral ischemic attack. Cerebral angiography revealed stenosis of the bilateral internal carotid artery at its terminal portion.

Geranylgeranylacetone, a noninvasive heat shock protein inducer, induces protein kinase C and leads to neuroprotection against cerebral infarction in rats.

Previous studies demonstrated the cytoprotective effect of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), a heat shock protein (HSP) inducer, against ischemic insult. Protein kinase C (PKC) is thought to be an important factor that mediates the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in vitro. However, the signaling pathways in the brain in vivo after oral GGA administration remain unclear.

Neuroprotective effect of geranylgeranylacetone, a noninvasive heat shock protein inducer, on cerebral infarction in rats.

The present study evaluated the neuroprotective effect of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), which is known as an antiulcer agent and more recently as a heat shock protein (HSP) inducer, against cerebral infarction induced by permanent left middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. GGA was given orally in various regimens prior to MCA occlusion in rats. Pretreatment with a single oral GGA dose (800 mg/kg) 48 h before ischemia significantly attenuated cerebral infarction volume (81.