Publications by authors named "Yasuyuki Hitoshi"
Article Synopsis
- A 49-year-old woman with a long history of VP shunt revisions developed generalized peritonitis due to a shunt catheter migrating into her small intestine after 30 years.
- Laparoscopic surgery was performed for the peritonitis, revealing a perforation in the intestine caused by the shunt catheter, which was successfully removed.
- The patient subsequently had her VP shunt reconstructed and was discharged 45 days later without any complications.
In the treatment of open depressed skull fracture in pediatric cases, it is preferable to use the patient's own bone material rather than artificial material. However, there are occasions when self-material reconstruction may be impossible. In such cases the safe option is to leave the defect until future replacement of the skull becomes possible, however this often causes such children to experience severe limitations to school life.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Endoscopic evacuation of a putaminal hemorrhage is effective and minimally invasive; however, it may not result in sufficient brain decompression. While monitoring postoperative intracranial pressure (ICP) is likely useful, specific ICP data in patients with a putaminal hemorrhage are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the association between postoperative ICP and the prognosis of patients with putaminal hemorrhage after endoscopic surgery.
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- Recent studies indicate that macrophages come in two main forms: M1 (classically activated, involved in inflammation) and M2 (alternatively activated, involved in tissue repair).
- Research assessed the presence of these macrophage types in cerebral aneurysm walls using specific antibodies and tissue samples.
- Unusually, the findings showed varied ratios of M1 and M2 macrophages in aneurysms, suggesting that M2 macrophages may play a more significant role in aneurysm development than previously thought.
Article Synopsis
- Glioblastoma (GBM) treatment faces challenges due to the rapid emergence of resistance against receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors, especially those targeting the PDGFR.
- A study using a mouse model of proneural glioma showed that tumors resistant to PDGFR inhibition depend on the insulin receptor (IR) and insulin growth-like factor receptor (IGF1R) for their growth and survival.
- Combining treatments that target both IR/IGF1R and PDGFR can reduce the development of resistant tumor clones, highlighting the role of the IR/IGF1R signaling pathway in glioma recurrence.
Article Synopsis
- Leptomeningeal metastasis-related hydrocephalus causes significant discomfort in end-stage cancer patients, often leading to severe headaches and reduced quality of life due to increased intracranial pressure.
- Four cases of patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent lumboperitoneal shunt procedures showed a range of symptoms and varying durations between cancer diagnosis and hydrocephalus onset.
- The lumboperitoneal shunt proved effective in improving patients’ quality of life, with some achieving long-term survival and independence, making it a favorable option over the more invasive ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor and responds poorly to currently available therapies. Transcriptomic characterization of glioblastoma has identified distinct molecular subtypes of glioblastoma. Gain-of-function alterations leading to enhanced platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling are commonly observed in the proneural subtype of glioblastoma and can drive gliomagenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic surgery for life-threatening large brain hemorrhage, we reviewed our empirical cases of comatose patients with large supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage. Among 35 patients with putaminal or subcortical hemorrhage that was evacuated endoscopically, 14 cases (40%) presented both findings of neurological grade IV for severity and hematoma volume exceeding 70 mL in the recent 3 years (endoscope group), whereas 8 cases with the same conditions were treated by conventional craniotomy for the preceding 3-year period (craniotomy group). Between these two groups, mean age was higher and duration of surgery was shorter in the endoscope group, but no significant differences in hematoma size or evacuation rate were recognized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaturation defects occurring in adult tissue progenitor cells have the potential to contribute to tumor development; however, there is little experimental evidence implicating this cellular mechanism in the pathogenesis of solid tumors. Inhibitor of DNA-binding 2 (Id2) is a transcription factor known to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of primitive stem and progenitor cells. Id2 is derepressed in adult tissue neural stem cells (NSC) lacking the tumor suppressor Tp53 and modulates their proliferation.
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- The study focuses on how glucose metabolism differs in tumor cells versus normal cells, emphasizing the need to understand the energy regulation mechanisms in tumors.
- It identifies a specific receptor tyrosine kinase pathway (PDGF/PDGFR) that influences glycolysis in tumor stem-like cells without affecting growth rates, highlighting a direct role of RTKs in metabolic processes.
- The findings suggest that targeting this glycolytic pathway, which is crucial for brain tumors, could provide new therapeutic strategies alongside treatments that address other harmful pathways.
Human platelet-derived growth factor B (hPDGFB) has been characterized in vitro and shown to mediate numerous cellular responses including glial proliferation and differentiation. Expression of PDGFB is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of glioma and several animal models of cerebral glioma based on PDGF expression have been described. To examine whether PDGF could contribute to the pathogenesis of spinal cord glioma, we developed transgenic mice that express hPDGFB under the control of a tetracycline-responsive element (TRE/hPDGFB).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: The use of recombinant adenovirus as a vehicle for gene transfer into ependymal cells is a potential therapeutic tool for the treatment of various neural disorders. However, gene transfer into the ependymal cells of the ventricular wall is associated with high-level expression of the transferred gene, which declines rapidly. The purpose of this study is to understand the cause of this early decline in gene expression.
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