Outcomes of pediatric obesity-related lifestyle disease screenings in Kumamoto.

Background: Obesity is an important issue causing both health hazards and socioeconomic loss to those affected. Kumamoto City regularly performs obesity-related lifestyle disease screenings for fourth grade children with obesity, including physical examinations, blood tests, and special examination referrals. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of the screenings conducted from 2011 to 2020.

Characterization of electroencephalography signals for estimating saliency features in videos.

Understanding the functions of the visual system has been one of the major targets in neuroscience for many years. However, the relation between spontaneous brain activities and visual saliency in natural stimuli has yet to be elucidated. In this study, we developed an optimized machine learning-based decoding model to explore the possible relationships between the electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics and visual saliency.

[Clinical study of long-term docetaxel based chemotherapy treatment for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer].

Purpose: To evaluate long-term continuous administration of docetaxel (DOC), over survival rate, PSA level and adverse effects were analyzed, retrospectively. We also compared the results of long-term treatment group and short-term treatment group.

Material And Methods: This study reported that 14 cases of long-term continuous administration of DOC consisting of 11 or more cycles among 51 patients of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treated with DOC from October 2008 to September 2013 at our institution, retrospectively.

Extracapsular extension of prostate cancer: diagnostic value of combined multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and isovoxel 3-dimensional T2-weighted imaging at 1.5 T.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether adding isovoxel 3-dimensional T2-weighted imaging (volume isotropic T2-weighted acquisition [VISTA]) to multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) improves the ability to diagnose the extracapsular extension (ECE) of prostate cancer.

Methods: Two radiologists independently evaluated ECE on images acquired with mp-MRI only (method A) and mp-MRI plus VISTA (method B) in 50 men who had undergone prostatectomy. We also compared the signal-to-noise ratio of the tumor on T2WI and VISTA scans.

Clinical utility of the normalized apparent diffusion coefficient for preoperative evaluation of the aggressiveness of prostate cancer.

Purpose: Normalization of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) may overcome ADC variability attributable to different patient and/or technical factors. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of ADC and the normalized ADC (nADC) for differentiating between prostate cancer with a Gleason score (GS) = 6 and GS > 6 and to identify an optimum reference for nADC calculations.

Materials And Methods: Our study population comprised 58 patients who underwent diffusion-weighted MRI followed by radical prostatectomy.

Triage of low-risk prostate cancer patients with PSA levels 10 ng/ml or less: comparison of apparent diffusion coefficient value and transrectal ultrasound-guided target biopsy.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to identify low-risk prostate cancer on the basis of the D'Amico clinical risk score in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels 10 ng/mL or less who had undergone radical prostatectomy by comparing apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) with transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided target biopsy.

Materials And Methods: In the preliminary study, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and determined the cutoff ADC to identify prostate cancer with a Gleason score of 6 or less for 117 patients. In the primary study, we assessed the combination of routine MRI (T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging) plus the cutoff ADC value ("method A") to identify low-risk prostate cancer for another 89 patients.

Ultra-high-b-value diffusion-weighted MR imaging for the detection of prostate cancer: evaluation in 201 cases with histopathological correlation.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging (DWI) for prostate cancer detection, using different b-values.

Methods: A total of 201 patients who underwent MR imaging before total prostatectomy were evaluated. MR images were independently assessed by three radiologists.

[Evaluation of immediate androgen deprivation adjuvant therapy in patients with lymph node positive prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy].

Purpose: We assessed the outcome after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy for lymph node positive prostate cancer retrospectively. Furthermore, we compared the efficacy of immediate androgen deprivation adjuvant therapy in node positive patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy.

Material And Methods: We investigated 62 patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy and have been found to have lymph node positive prostate cancer at our facility between January 1992 and January 2008.

Usefulness of diffusion-weighted imaging in the localization of prostate cancer.

Purpose: Advances in high-precision radiation therapy techniques for patients with prostate cancer permit selective escalation of the radiation dose delivered to the dominant intraprostatic lesion and improve the therapeutic ratio. We evaluated the value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for dominant intraprostatic lesion assessment.

Methods And Materials: The study population consisted of 23 patients with early prostate cancer.

[Clinical study of bladder tamponade resulting from clots of blood].

Purpose: There were many case reports about bladder tamponade resulting from clots of blood. However, there were few reports about the clinical study that result from collecting cases of bladder tamponade. Thus, we performed a retrospective study about bladder tamponade resulting from clots of blood that we had managed.

Isotonic hyponatremia and cerebrospinal fluid sodium during and after transurethral resection of the prostate.

We examined the effects on the central nervous system of hyponatremia during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Initially, a prospective study was done on 165 consecutively treated patients undergoing TURP, to evaluate symptoms related to the serum osmolality. There were ten patients with hyponatremia below 120 mEq·L, and in whom the serum sodium decreased to 111.