Downregulation of the Gene Encoding an Intermediate of His-Asp Phosphorelay Signaling in Induces the Same Cellular Effects as the Phenylpyrrole Fungicide Fludioxonil.

Many eukaryotic histidine-to-aspartate (His-Asp) phosphorelay systems consist of three types of signal transducers: a His-kinase (HK), a response regulator (RR), and a histidine-containing phosphotransfer intermediate (HPt). In general, the HPt acts as an intermediate between the HK and the RR and is indispensable for inducing appropriate responses to environmental stresses. In a previous study, we attempted but were unable to obtain deletion mutants of the gene in order to characterize its function in the filamentous fungus .

Effects of the inclusion of biological activated carbon on membrane fouling in combined process of ozonation, coagulation and ceramic membrane filtration for water reclamation.

We investigated the effects of the inclusion of biological activated carbon (BAC) on membrane fouling in combined process of ozonation, coagulation and ceramic membrane filtration (O + PACl + CMF) for treating secondary effluent. Inclusion of BAC between ozonation and coagulation reduced membrane permeability. The normalized flux decreased to 90% of the initial value after 305 h of operation in O + PACl + CMF, while it decreased to 20% in combined process of ozonation, BAC, coagulation and ceramic membrane filtration.