Selective Pyk2 inhibition enhances bone restoration through SCARA5-mediated bone marrow remodeling in ovariectomized mice.

Understanding the intricate cellular interactions involved in bone restoration is crucial for developing effective strategies to promote bone healing and mitigate conditions such as osteoporosis and fractures. Here, we provide compelling evidence supporting the anabolic effects of a pharmacological Pyk2 inhibitor (Pyk2-Inh) in promoting bone restoration. In vitro, Pyk2 signaling inhibition markedly enhances alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a hallmark of osteoblast differentiation, through activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling.

A rare case of multiple brain abscesses caused by apical periodontitis of deciduous teeth in congenital heart disease: a case report.

Background: A brain abscess is a focal infection in which abscesses form in the brain. A brain abscess is a rare but fatal disease when rupture occurs into the ventricles. We report a case of multiple brain abscesses caused by a hematogenous infection from the apical periodontitis of deciduous teeth.

Bone resorption improvement by conditioned medium of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth in ovariectomized mice.

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are mesenchymal stem cells with multipotent differentiation potential present in the dental pulp tissue of the deciduous teeth. SHED produce secretions that have immunomodulatory and regenerative functions. In the present study, we investigated the effects of SHED-conditioned medium (SHED-CM) on osteopenia induced by the ovariectomy (OVX) phenotype and its corresponding immunological changes.

N-acetylcysteine attenuates PGE and ROS production stimulated by 4-META/MMA-based resin in murine osteoblastic cells.

This study examined the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the inflammatory reactions of murine osteoblastic cells cultured on the 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride/methyl methacrylate (4-META/MMA)-based resin. Superbond C&B (SB) was used as the 4-META/MMA-based resin and placed in a 48-well cell culture plate. The cells were cultured in αMEM (control) as well as on SB and SB in αMEM with NAC (SB+NAC).

Daily life habits associated with eveningness lead to a higher prevalence of dental caries in children.

Background/purpose: Circadian rhythm is an endogenous daily variation observed in most physiological functions including salivary secretion. Irregular lifestyle causes many diseases such as obesity and sleep disorders. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of the timings of sleep and meal on the prevalence of dental caries.

Immunolocalization of podoplanin/E11/gp38, CD44, and endomucin in the odontoblastic cell layer of murine tooth germs.

In this study, we attempted to localize the immunoreactivities of podoplanin/E11/gp38 and CD44, a counterpart possessing a high affinity to podoplanin/E11/gp38, as well as endomucin-immunoreactive blood vessels in the regions of odontoblast layers and the underlying sub-odontoblastic layers in murine tooth germs. Endomucin-reactive small blood vessels were scattered throughout the dental papillae of the tooth germs at postnatal day 1 but came to be localized close to the odontoblast/sub-odontoblastic layers until day 3. After postnatal day 5, small blood vessels were seen in odontoblast cell layers, while blood vessels with relatively larger diameters were seen forming in sub-odontoblastic layers.

Patients with SATB2-associated syndrome exhibiting multiple odontomas.

Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2)-associated syndrome (SAS) is characterized by alterations of SATB2. Its clinical features include intellectual disability and craniofacial abnormalities, such as cleft palate, dysmorphic features, and dental abnormalities. Here, we describe three previously undiagnosed, unrelated patients with SAS who exhibited dental abnormalities, including multiple odontomas.

Calcium Charge and Release of Conventional Glass-Ionomer Cement Containing Nanoporous Silica.

The aim of this study was to evaluate calcium charge and release of conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) containing nanoporous silica (NPS). Experimental specimens were divided into two groups: the control (GIC containing no NPS) and GIC-NPS (GIC containing 10 wt % NPS). The specimens were immersed in calcium chloride solutions of 5 wt % calcium concentration for 24 h at 37 °C, whereupon the calcium ion release of the specimens was measured.

Estimation of Biocompatibility of Nano-Sized Ceramic Particles with Osteoblasts, Osteosarcomas and Hepatocytes by Static and Time-Lapse Observation.

We assessed the biocompatibility of nano-sized ceramic particles with several cells types. Though these particles have less than 100 nm in diameter, they act as submicron-sized particles in saline by aggregation that was estimated using laser diffraction particle size analysis (LDS). they act as submicro-sized particles in saline by aggregation based on laser diffraction particle size analysis (LDS).

Assessment of the inhibitory effects of fissure sealants on the demineralization of primary teeth using an automatic pH-cycling system.

In this study, we examined the effects of fissure sealants on inhibition of demineralization of primary teeth using an automatic pHcycling system. Three fissure sealants were used: Teethmate F-1 2.0 (TM), BeautiSealant (BS), and Fuji III LC (IIILC).

Disease specificity of anti-tryptophan hydroxylase-1 and anti-AIE-75 autoantibodies in APECED and IPEX syndrome.

Autoantibodies to autoimmune enteropathy-related 75 kDa antigen (AIE-75) and villin are disease markers of immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome which is characterized by a peripheral tolerance defect. On the other hand, anti-tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (TPH-1) antibodies are detected in autoimmune polyendocrinopathy, candidiasis, ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), a central tolerance defect, especially when complicated with gastrointestinal dysfunction. However, to date, anti-AIE-75 and anti-villin antibodies or anti-TPH-1 antibodies have not been tested in APECED or IPEX syndrome, respectively.

Photophysical properties and biocompatibility of Photoluminescent Y2O3:Eu nanoparticles in polymethylmetacrylate matrix.

In this study, we produced europium-doped yttoria (Y2O3:Eu) nanoparticles and investigated their photoluminescent properties and biocompatibility. The Y2O3:Eu nanoparticles showed excellent photoluminescent properties and cytocompatibility. We also analyzed the photophysical properties of the nanoparticles in PMMA films.

Differential effects of repeated immobilization stress in early vs. late postnatal period on stress-induced corticosterone response in adult rats.

This study was performed in order to determine how immobilization stress in the early postnatal period or in the late postnatal period affects growth in the developing rat, and the response of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis in adult rats subjected to subsequent novel stresses. In addition, the effects of maternal deprivation (MD) within the same period of exposure to immobilization stress were also examined. We used two different types of immobilization stress and two different types of MD: immobilization stress for 30min per day from postnatal day 7 (P7) to P13 (IS-E group); immobilization stress for 30min from P15 to P21 (IS-L group); MD for 30min per day from P7 to P13 (MD-E group); and MD for 30min per day from P15 to P21 (MD-L group).

Biodistribution of aqueous suspensions of carbon nanotubes in mice and their biocompatibility.

In this study, we prepared two-types of water-dispersible carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and investigated their biodistribution in mice as well as bio-/cyto-compatibility. After administration, their organs were excised at various post-injection times, then observed using both optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The color of the liver and lung markedly darkened, suggesting that administered CNTs reached these organs.

Lesions of the ventral ascending noradrenergic bundles decrease the stress response to occlusal disharmony in rats.

Occlusal disharmony induced by placing an acryl cap on the lower incisors of rats is perceived as chronic stress. This chronic stress activates corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), resulting in stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The ventral ascending noradrenergic bundles (V-NAB) from the brainstem innervate the PVN.

Tannin-fluoride preparation attenuates prostaglandin E2 production by dental pulp cells.

Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are widely used for the operative restoration of dental caries. However, it has been reported that the components of GICs cause pulpal inflammatory responses. Recently, GICs containing tannin-fluoride preparation (HY agent) were developed.

Effect of N-acetylcysteine on rat dental pulp cells cultured on mineral trioxide aggregate.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and its potential detoxification by an antioxidant amino acid, N-acetylcysteine (NAC).

Methods: Rat dental pulp cells extracted from rat maxillary incisors were directly cultured on MTA with or without NAC in culture medium. The number of cells and their spreading behavior were both assessed 24 hours after seeding.

Amino acid derivative-mediated detoxification and functionalization of dual cure dental restorative material for dental pulp cell mineralization.

Current dental restorative materials are only used to fill the defect of hard tissues, such as dentin and enamel, because of their cytotoxicity. Therefore, exposed dental pulp tissues in deep cavities must be first covered by a pulp capping material like calcium hydroxide to form a layer of mineralized tissue. However, this tissue mineralization is based on pathological reaction and triggers long-lasting inflammation, often causing clinical problems.

Anomaly of cervical vertebrae found on orthodontic examination: 8-year-old boy with cleft lip and palate diagnosed with Klippel-Feil syndrome.

We incidentally encountered an anomaly of the cervical vertebrae during orthodontic examination of an 8-year-old boy with cleft lip and palate. Klippel-Feil syndrome was diagnosed by the orthopedic specialist to whom he had been referred for detailed examination. This case report shows the results of axial multislice-helical computed tomography with three-dimensional reconstructions of the cervical vertebrae.

High functional expression of osteoblasts on imogolite, aluminosilicate nanotubes.

Imogolite is a naturally occurring aluminosilicate clay mineral with a nanotube structure of 2 nm diameter and 60 nm-2 microm length. In this study, synthetic imogolite nanotubes were applied to cell culture and the properties as a scaffold were compared with those of a conventional culture dish and a carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffold. The surface characteristics of the imogolite scaffold were drastically changed with the amount of coated imogolite on the dish.

Effect of mineral trioxide aggregate on rat clonal dental pulp cells: expression of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and inflammation-related protein via nuclear factor kappa B signaling system.

Introduction: Recently, mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been routinely used for endodontic treatment. It is well-known that MTA induced secondary dentin formation in pulp cavity when it was applied to dentin, whereas its cytotoxicities were unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of MTA on rat clonal dental pulp cells, RPC-C2A.

Occlusal disharmony increases stress response in rats.

Repeated or chronic stress is known to produce structural and functional changes in the rat brain, and in particular, alter the response of the hypothalamic -- pituitary -- adrenal (HPA) axis to subsequent new stress. Occlusal disharmony via placement of acryl cap on the lower incisors of rats is perceived as chronic stress. To determine the response of the HPA axis to subsequent new stress in rats with occlusal disharmony, we measured plasma corticosterone levels in these rats after subjecting them to new stress.