Effect of lateral wedge length on knee adduction moment reduction mechanics during gait.

Lateral wedge insole (LWI) wear is a well-known conservative treatment for patients with knee osteoarthritis and is expected to decrease knee joint loading. Although the effect of LWI length on knee adduction moment (KAM) has been investigated, the biomechanical mechanism has not been fully investigated. Twelve healthy young subjects walked in the laboratory with and without 2 different lengths of LWIs.

Sex differences in factors of pelvis and lower-limb joint kinematics influencing dynamic knee valgus during single-leg squat.

Background: Dynamic knee valgus (DKV) during dynamic activity is associated with patellofemoral pain, one of the most common sports disorders, especially in females. No studies have examined the factors that can lead to DKV in females as compared to males while addressing the influence of factors on each other.

Objective: To identify factors of pelvis and lower joints kinematics affecting DKV during single-leg squat (SLS) in females compared to males with multiple regression analysis.

Incidence of teres minor muscle atrophy in young and middle-aged populations.

Background: Teres minor atrophy can be seen in shoulders both with and without a rotator cuff tear, even among the young population. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the incidence of teres minor atrophy in young and middle-aged patients with or without a rotator cuff tear.

Methods: Patient records were reviewed to identify 10-39-year-old patients (Group Y) and 60-69-year-old patients (Group O) who underwent MRI because of shoulder disorders.

Muscle co-contraction of ankle joint in young adults in functional reach test at different distances.

Purpose: It has been reported that young people may be able to modulate simultaneous contraction depending on the task. The functional reach test (FRT) is widely used as a method to assess dynamic balance. Although there are several reports on the center of pressure (COP), there are few reports on muscle activity and no studies focus on muscle co-contraction during FRT at different distances.

Validation study of novel grading system for ulnar collateral ligament injury of the elbow with high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Recently, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classification of medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears has been introduced, but little is known about the relationship between MRI grading and medial joint laxity. It has been reported that microscopy coils could make it possible to achieve high-resolution images of upper extremities with a superior diagnostic ability to conventional MRI. However, there is no report that has compared the diagnostic reliability between microscopic and conventional MRI.

Relationship between the morphology of the greater tuberosity and radiological and clinical outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Background: Degenerative greater tuberosity (GT) changes are often associated with rotator cuff tears. However, little is known about the impact of GT morphology on surgical outcomes. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between clinical and radiological outcomes, after rotator cuff repair, and GT morphology.

Arthroscopic Soft Tissue Stabilization With Selective Augmentations for Traumatic Anterior Shoulder Instability in Competitive Collision Athletes.

Background: Many surgeons prefer bony stabilization including Bristow or Latarjet procedures for shoulder instability in collision athletes, even though several potential complications have been reported. There has been a limited number of studies on the midterm outcomes of arthroscopic soft tissue stabilization for anterior shoulder instability in competitive collision athletes.

Purpose: To assess the outcomes of arthroscopic soft tissue stabilization in combination with selective augmentation procedures for collision athletes with traumatic anterior shoulder instability.

Comparison Between Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation and Arthroscopic Fragment Resection for Large Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans in Adolescent Athletes: A Minimum 5 Years' Follow-up.

Background: The choice of surgical option for unstable large capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions in skeletally immature athletes remains controversial.

Purpose/hypothesis: The purpose was to investigate functional and radiographic outcomes after arthroscopic fragment resection and osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT) for unstable large capitellar OCD lesions in skeletally immature athletes with a minimum 5 years' follow-up. We hypothesized that the outcomes after OAT for large capitellar OCD lesions would be superior to those after arthroscopic fragment resection.

Superior Labral Injuries in Elite Gymnasts: Symptoms, Pathology, and Outcomes After Surgical Repair.

Background: Superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) lesions are common among elite gymnasts and throwing athletes. Although SLAP lesions in throwers are well-described in the literature, no study has described the characteristics of SLAP lesions in gymnasts. We aimed to reveal the characteristics of SLAP lesions in gymnasts by comparing the location and extension of these lesions between gymnasts and throwers.

Repair Integrity and Retear Pattern After Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying After Suture-Bridge Lateral Row Rotator Cuff Repair.

Background: Type 2 failure is a big issue after suture-bridge rotator cuff repair, which may be because of stress concentration at the medial row stitches. We have been performing medial knot-tying after suture-bridge lateral row repair to avoid the stress concentration. This study aimed to evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using this technique.

Controlled formation of silica structures using siloxane/block copolymer complexes prepared in various solvent mixtures.

Block copolymers exhibit regularly patterned structures induced by microphase separation. Here we present a method for preparing various particulate silica (SiO2) nanostructures by controlling the microphase separation of block copolymers. In this method, siloxane, a SiO2 precursor, is adsorbed onto poly(4-vinylpyridine) blocks of polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) in solvent mixtures.

Nanometer-sized domains in Langmuir-Blodgett films for patterning SiO2.

In this study, we prepared Langmuir-Blodgett films with domains ranging from 20 to 100 nm in size by using perfluorinated fatty acids. The domain size of the obtained LB films is markedly smaller than the ordinary domain size of hydrocarbons and fluorocarbons on the micrometer scale. The domains were prepared by controlling their growth through the addition of 2-propanol to the subphase of Langmuir monolayers.

Measurement of placental oxygenation by transabdominal near-infrared spectroscopy.

The uteroplacental circulation in the placenta can have a major impact on the fetus. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is the noninvasive method of measuring changes in blood volumes and oxygen concentrations in living tissue. The purpose of this study is to monitor changes in placental tissue oxygen index (TOI) levels, in patients with intrauterine fetal growth restriction during pregnancy, using NIRS.