Influences of sleep and lifestyle factors on the risk for covid-19 infections, from internet survey of 10,000 Japanese business workers.

We conducted an internet survey to assess sociodemographic variables, lifestyle factors, sleep problems, and comorbidities for sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) in COVID-19 and influenza (FLU) infections. Data from 10,323 workers (50.0% male) were analyzed.

Synthesis and antileishmanial activity of the core structure of cristaxenicin A.

The core structure of cristaxenicin A having trans-fused dihydropyran and nine membered ring has been synthesized and evaluated the antileishmanial activity. The dihydropyran ring was synthesized by [4+2] cycloaddition reaction between an unsaturated aldehyde and a β-alkoxy-α,β-unsaturated ketone. The nine membered ring possessing α,β-unsaturated aldehyde was constructed by the intramolecular NHK reaction followed by the Mitsunobu rearrangement.

Hemophagocytosis in Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis by Leishmania donovani.

Hemophagocytosis is a phenomenon in which macrophages phagocytose blood cells. There are reports on up-regulated hemophagocytosis in patients with infectious diseases including typhoid fever, tuberculosis, influenza and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). However, mechanisms of infection-associated hemophagocytosis remained elusive due to a lack of appropriate animal models.

The accumulation of macrophages expressing myeloid-related protein 8 (MRP8) and MRP14 in the spleen of BALB/cA mice during infection with Plasmodium berghei.

Splenomegaly is one of the typical symptoms of malaria. However, the pathogenesis of splenic enlargement still remains unclear. Spleen is a major organ for clearance of malaria parasites, but excessive response to the parasites can lead to splenomegaly.